{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T06:07:43Z","timestamp":1783490863445,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82401279"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82401279"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Exper Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the efficacy of repeated low\u2010level red light (RLRL) and high\u2010concentration atropine (HCA, 1%) in myopia control and evaluate rebound effects after cessation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this 15\u2010month, prospective, single\u2010blinded randomized controlled trial, 136 myopic children (6\u201312\u2009years) were\u00a0randomly assigned to RLRL or HCA (1:1). Treatment lasted 12\u2009months followed by a 3\u2010month washout. Outcomes included change in axial length (AL), spherical equivalent refraction (SER), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFChT), and safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 116 children completed \u2265\u20091 follow\u2010up (RLRL: 65, HCA: 51). At 12\u2009months, RLRL showed superior efficacy: AL regressed by \u22120.014\u2009mm (95% CI: \u22120.067 to 0.039) versus a 0.094\u2009mm increase with HCA (95% CI: 0.046\u20130.141;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005). SER decreased by 0.24 D (95% CI: 0.093\u20130.387) in RLRL and increased by 0.035\u2009D (95% CI: \u22120.154 to 0.083) in HCA (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008), while SFChT increased by 26.000\u2009\u03bcm (95% CI: 18.082\u201333.918) and 12.761\u2009\u03bcm (95% CI: 3.867\u201321.655;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.032), respectively. During the 3\u2010month washout, AL elongation was slightly greater in RLRL (0.163\u2009mm) compared to HCA (0.115\u2009mm;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.014). Higher compliance (\u2265\u200975%) with RLRL correlated with better 12\u2010month efficacy (AL: \u22120.064\u2009mm vs. 0.084\u2009mm;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.011) but worse rebound (AL: 0.183\u2009mm vs. 0.122\u2009mm;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02). No severe adverse events were reported.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RLRL exhibited superior 12\u2010month efficacy over HCA (1%) but was associated with slightly higher rebound. Optimizing RLRL regimens, including implementing reduced dosing and tapered withdrawal, could sustain benefits while limiting rebound.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2100051940<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.70101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T04:59:28Z","timestamp":1773032368000},"page":"605-616","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Efficacy and Rebound Effects of Repeated Low\u2010Level Red Light versus High\u2010Concentration Atropine for Myopia Control in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Jiamin","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Penn Medicine Doylestown Health  Doylestown Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawei","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.5.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.5.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.07.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.05.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.05.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.39365"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2023-324615"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-020-01356-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8915867"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.11.10.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.11.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14149"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-022-05794-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2023-324260"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.9612"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-023-02762-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-81363-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.14.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-023-00671-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.833960"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2021.5067"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.071118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2015.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.01.029"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Expert Consensus on the Application of Axial Length in Myopia Prevention and Control Management (2023)","volume":"42","author":"He X.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Experimental Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2025.0835"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2025.0957"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","first-page":"496","article-title":"Does Repeated Low\u2010Level Red Light Therapy Affect Cone Density in the Macula of Myopic Children?","volume":"43","author":"Hongmei Z.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Experimental Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.03.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14462"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2023.1548"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1503536"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.101438"},{"issue":"30","key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","first-page":"E7091","article-title":"Scleral Hypoxia is a Target for Myopia Control","volume":"115","author":"Wu H.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021286"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109670"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1260592"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222212598"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2025.02.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-025-02774-2"}],"container-title":["Clinical &amp; Experimental Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ceo.70101","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ceo.70101","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ceo.70101","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T19:23:25Z","timestamp":1783452205000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ceo.70101"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ceo.70101"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ceo.70101","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1442-6404","1442-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1442-6404","type":"print"},{"value":"1442-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}