{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T14:48:48Z","timestamp":1791816528221,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Exper Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Repeated low\u2010level red\u2010light (RLRL) therapy is a novel, non\u2010invasive intervention for controlling paediatric myopia progression. Despite increasing clinical use, questions remain regarding the magnitude, durability, and safety of treatment effects. This study evaluated its efficacy and safety based on randomised controlled trial (RCT) evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched through August 2025 for RCTs comparing RLRL with control in children (&lt;\u200918\u2009years). The primary outcome was spherical equivalent refraction (SER); secondary outcomes included axial length (AL), choroidal thickness (ChT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), central corneal thickness (CCT), lens thickness (LT), and uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA). Evidence certainty was assessed using the GRADE framework.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010eight RCTs (3573 participants) were included. RLRL therapy achieved duration\u2010dependent myopia control (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), with pooled improvements versus control at 12\u2009months of +0.68 D in SER, \u22120.30\u2009mm in AL, and +26.7\u2009\u03bcm in ChT. Subgroup analysis showed greater efficacy in children with higher baseline myopia (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), with comparable effects between 5\u2010 and 7\u2010day regimens. UCVA was higher with RLRL therapy. ACD, CCT, and LT were unchanged. Reported adverse events were mild and transient, with no consistent structural or functional abnormalities described.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RLRL was associated with duration\u2010dependent reductions in myopia progression up to 1\u2009year. Reported structural parameters remained stable and adverse events were generally mild. Moderate\u2010certainty evidence supports improvement in SER and ChT, whereas evidence for AL remains of lower certainty. Longer\u2010term trials incorporating comprehensive retinal safety assessment are required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PROSPERO CRD420251112677<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.70105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T07:38:39Z","timestamp":1773819519000},"page":"630-652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Duration\u2010Dependent Efficacy and Clinical Safety of Repeated Low\u2010Level Red\u2010Light Therapy for Paediatric Myopia: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7212-3535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lee\u2010Yuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School 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