{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T05:29:12Z","timestamp":1786512552020,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Exper Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The adoption of angle\u2010based minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) procedures has accelerated in recent years; however, inherent limitations remain. Imaging\u2010based techniques across the pre\u2010, intra\u2010 and post\u2010operative stages of surgery may facilitate patient selection and improve surgical outcomes. This systematic review explores the application of imaging\u2010based techniques to visualise aqueous humour outflow (AHO) in angle\u2010based MIGS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A literature search was performed on PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library from inception to 16 February 2025. Cohort, cross\u2010sectional and observational studies reporting the use of imaging\u2010based techniques to visualise AHO in angle\u2010based MIGS were included in this review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An initial 393 studies were identified, with 21 studies included in final analysis. Imaging techniques reported in literature included various methods to directly observe episcleral veins, haemoglobin venous imaging (HVI), fluorescein and indocyanine green (ICG) aqueous angiography, channelogram and anterior segment optical coherence tomography angiography (AS\u2010OCTA). Visualisation of AHO pre\u2010 and intra\u2010operatively may predict surgical outcomes, aiding in patient selection and surgical prognostication. Intra\u2010operative imaging may facilitate targeted placement of MIGS in areas of initially angiographically low or high areas of AHO. AHO assessment pre\u2010, intra\u2010 and post\u2010operatively may allow comparative analysis of surgical success and efficacy across various angle\u2010based MIGS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Imaging\u2010based techniques visualising AHO have significant potential to improve surgical outcomes of angle\u2010based MIGS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.70132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:10:45Z","timestamp":1781568645000},"page":"779-795","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Aqueous Humour Outflow Assessment Using Imaging\u2010Based Techniques in Angle\u2010Based Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (\n                    <scp>MIGS)<\/scp>\n                    : A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Bryan Chin Hou","family":"Ang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Tan Tock Seng Hospital, National Healthcare Group Eye Institute  Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore  Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University  Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Department of Ophthalmology  Jacksonville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5360-7658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selvie","family":"Yeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemens A.","family":"Strohmaeir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamilton Glaucoma Center, the Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology Shiley Eye Institute, University of California  San Diego California USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University  Linz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanuj","family":"Dada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS  Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex S.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamilton Glaucoma Center, the Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology Shiley Eye Institute, University of California  San Diego California 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