{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T09:50:10Z","timestamp":1791366610168,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Exper Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Refractive errors are the leading cause of preventable visual impairment worldwide, yet data from isolated Indigenous populations remain virtually absent from the global literature. The Yanomami, one of the largest Indigenous peoples in the Americas with recent and limited contact with non\u2010Indigenous society, have no prior epidemiological data on refractive errors<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional observational study was conducted in 2024 at the Yanomami Indigenous Health House, Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil. A total of 158 self\u2010identified Yanomami individuals aged 5\u2009years or older were examined by an ophthalmologist. Refractive status was classified according to International Myopia Institute criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Emmetropia was observed in 67.7% of participants, declining markedly with age from 100% in children aged 5 to 9\u2009years to 38.6% in those aged 40 to 59\u2009years. Myopia was present in 16.5%, all low myopia, absent in children under 10\u2009years, with no high myopia identified. Astigmatism affected 24.1% and hyperopia 12.7%. Presbyopia was identified in 24.7% of participants and 52.0% of those aged 35\u2009years or older. Overall, 25.3% presented with reduced visual acuity, of whom 67.5% improved to normal range (20\/30 or better) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This first characterisation of the Yanomami refractive profile reveals a distinct myopia pattern shaped by high outdoor exposure and minimal near\u2010work demands. Yet refractive correction remains effectively inaccessible, leaving preventable visual impairment unaddressed and reflecting a profound health inequity. Corrective lens provision is a high\u2010impact, scalable intervention for this underserved community.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.70143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T01:15:00Z","timestamp":1785201300000},"page":"875-882","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and Pattern of Refractive Errors Among Yanomami Indigenous People in the Brazilian Amazon: A Cross\u2010Sectional Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6994-8387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Christina Chagas","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Roraima PROCISA  Boa Vista Roraima Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcos Antonio","family":"Pellegrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Roraima PROCISA  Boa Vista Roraima Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca Jorge","family":"Sequeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Roraima PROCISA  Boa Vista Roraima Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization \u201cWorld Report on Vision \u201d(2019) https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/world\u2010report\u2010on\u2010vision."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30489-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"H.Taylor M.Anjou A.Boudville andR.McNeil \u201cThe Roadmap to Close the Gap for Vision: Summary Report \u201d(2013)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"Pan American Health Organization \u201cPolicy on Ethnicity and Health \u201d(2017)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20053820"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25259\/GJCSRO_12_2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.4229"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.OPX.0000159371.25986.67"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.0597"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-004484"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lana.2025.101161"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5801\/ncn.v20i2.4326"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"Brasil Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade Secretaria de Sa\u00fade Ind\u00edgena \u201cRelatorio situacional do Distrito Sanit\u00e1rio Especial de Sa\u00fade Ind\u00edgena Yanomami \u201d(2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25957"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2020.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/0034-7280.20170047"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors for Refractive Errors in the South Indian Adult Population: The Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study","volume":"3","author":"Krishnaiah S.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clinical Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6210"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"2179","article-title":"Refractive Errors in a Black Adult Population: The Barbados Eye Study","volume":"40","author":"Wu S. 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