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In this study, we examined the effects of 13 developmentally toxic chemicals on the migration of rat cephalic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCCs<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cNCCs<\/jats:styled-content>) by using a simple in vitro assay. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cNCCs<\/jats:styled-content> were cultured for 48\u2009h as emigrants from rhombencephalic neural tubes explanted from rat embryos at day 10.5 of gestation. The chemicals were added to the culture medium at 24\u2009h of culture. Migration of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cNCCs<\/jats:styled-content> was measured as the change in the radius (radius ratio) calculated from the circular spread of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cNCCs<\/jats:styled-content> between 24 and 48\u2009h of culture. Of the chemicals examined, 13\u2010<jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\u2010retinoic acid, ethanol, ibuprofen, lead acetate, salicylic acid, and selenate inhibited the migration of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cNCCs<\/jats:styled-content> at their embryotoxic concentrations; no effects were observed for acetaminophen, caffeine, indium, phenytoin, selenite, tributyltin, and valproic acid. In a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cNCC<\/jats:styled-content> proliferation assay, ethanol, ibuprofen, salicylic acid, selenate, and tributyltin inhibited cell proliferation, suggesting the contribution of the reduced cell number to the inhibited migration of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cNCCs<\/jats:styled-content>. It was determined that several developmentally toxic chemicals inhibited the migration of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cNCCs<\/jats:styled-content>, the effects of which were manifested as various craniofacial abnormalities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cga.12121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]],"date-time":"2015-07-14T17:50:00Z","timestamp":1436896200000},"page":"52-59","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of 13 developmentally toxic chemicals on the migration of rat cephalic neural crest cells in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2903-5114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makoto","family":"Usami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacology National Institute of Health Sciences  Tokyo 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