{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T18:47:49Z","timestamp":1788893269086,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,4]],"date-time":"2016-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1457049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004048","name":"Kashan University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["9296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9296"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004048","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Congenital Anomalies"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ToRCH<\/jats:styled-content> infections (toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus and Herpes simplex virus) have long been known to be associated with bad obstetric outcomes. However, little information is available about the impact of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ToRCH<\/jats:styled-content> co\u2010infections on the outcome of pregnancy. Hence, we tested the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IgG<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IgM<\/jats:styled-content> antibodies to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>oxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus and Herpes Simplex Virus among 81 pregnant women with abortion (case group) and 98 pregnant women with normal delivery (control group). In the single\u2010infection model, only <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IgM<\/jats:styled-content> seropositivity was significantly increased in case than control group (25.9% in case and 12.2 % in control, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009=\u20092.5, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.019). In the co\u2010infection model, 14 patterns were recognized, but two patterns were significantly increased in the case than the control group. Co\u2010infection of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>. gondii<\/jats:italic>\u2005<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IgG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009+\u2009<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMV IgM<\/jats:styled-content> was 9.1\u2010fold increased in the case than the control group (8.6% in the case and 1% in control, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009=\u20099.1; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.024). Also, co\u2010infection of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>. gondii<\/jats:italic>\u2005<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IgG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009+\u2009<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSV IgG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009+\u2009<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMV IgM<\/jats:styled-content> was 7.7\u2010fold increased in case than the control group (7.4% in case and 1 % in control, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009=\u20097.7; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04). Although the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> of other co\u2010infections was higher in the case than the control group, the difference was not statistically significant. These findings indicate that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ToRCH<\/jats:styled-content> co\u2010infections are associated with increased risk of abortion than single infection. Hence, the rates of co\u2010infections should be considered in prenatal screening of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ToRCH<\/jats:styled-content> infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cga.12138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,26]],"date-time":"2015-10-26T09:49:20Z","timestamp":1445852960000},"page":"73-78","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["<scp>ToRCH<\/scp> \u201cco\u2010infections\u201d are associated with increased risk of abortion in pregnant women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Sima","family":"Rasti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Faculty of Medicine Kashan University of Medical Sciences  Kashan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh Sadat","family":"Ghasemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Faculty of Medicine Kashan University of Medical Sciences  Kashan Iran"},{"name":"Department of Parasitology Pasteur Institute of Iran  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Abdoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Faculty of Medicine Kashan University of Medical Sciences  Kashan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Piroozmand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine Kashan University of Medical Sciences  Kashan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Gholam Abbas","family":"Mousavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics and Public Health Faculty of Health Kashan University of Medical Sciences  Kashan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zohreh","family":"Fakhrie\u2010Kashan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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