{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T20:00:05Z","timestamp":1760385605128},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,6]],"date-time":"2018-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Congenital Anomalies"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The cranial base is a structure mainly formed through endochondral ossification and integrated into the craniofacial complex, which acts as an underlying platform for the developing brain. <jats:italic>Foxc1<\/jats:italic> is an indispensable regulator during intramembranous and endochondral ossification. In this study, we found that the spontaneous loss of <jats:italic>Foxc1<\/jats:italic> function in a mouse (<jats:italic>congenital hydrocephalous<\/jats:italic>), <jats:italic>Foxc1<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>ch\/ch<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>, demonstrated the anterior cranial base defects, including unossified presphenoid and lack of middle part of the basisphenoid bone. Hypoplastic presphenoid primordial cartilage (basal portion of the trabecular cartilage [bTB]) and a lack of the middle part of basisphenoid primordial cartilage (the hypophyseal cartilage) were consistently observed at earlier developmental stage. <jats:italic>Foxc1<\/jats:italic> was expressed robustly and ubiquitously in undifferentiated mesenchyme of the cranial base\u2010forming area in E11.0 wild\u2010type fetuses. Once chondrogenesis commenced, the expression was downregulated and later limited to the perichondrium. Detection of transcripts of <jats:italic>Collagen type2 A1<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Col2a1<\/jats:italic>) revealed that both bTB and the anterior part of the hypophyseal cartilage developing anterior to the persistent epithelial stalk of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland were suppressed in the <jats:italic>Foxc1<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>ch\/ch<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>. Proliferation activity of chondrocyte precursor cells was higher in the <jats:italic>Foxc1<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>ch\/ch<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>. Loss of <jats:italic>Foxc1<\/jats:italic> function only in the neural crest cell lineage (<jats:italic>Wnt1\u2010cre;Foxc1<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>ch\/flox<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>) showed ossification of the posterior part of the hypophyseal cartilage derived from the mesoderm. These findings suggest that <jats:italic>Foxc1<\/jats:italic> is an important regulator to further chondrogenesis and initiate the ossification of the presphenoid and basisphenoid bones.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cga.12268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,11]],"date-time":"2018-01-11T07:43:25Z","timestamp":1515656605000},"page":"158-166","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Transcription factor <i>Foxc1<\/i> is involved in anterior part of cranial base formation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Nandar","family":"Mya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshiko","family":"Furutera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and 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