{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T13:10:49Z","timestamp":1788268249565,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Congenital Anomalies"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Palatogenesis is affected by many factors, including gene polymorphisms and exposure to toxic chemicals during sensitive developmental periods. Cleft palate is one of the most common congenital anomalies, and ongoing efforts to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying palatogenesis are providing useful insights to reduce the risk of this disorder. To identify novel potential regulators of palatogenesis, we analyzed public transcriptome datasets from a mouse model of cleft palate caused by selective deletion of transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2 (TGF\u03b2) receptor type 2 in cranial neural crest cells. We identified the homeobox transcription factor Mohawk (<jats:italic>Mkx<\/jats:italic>) as a gene downregulated in the maxilla of TGF\u03b2 knockout mice compared with wild\u2010type mice. To examine the role of <jats:italic>mkx<\/jats:italic> in palatogenesis, we used CRISPR\/Cas9 editing to generate zebrafish with impaired expression of <jats:italic>mkxa<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>mkxb<\/jats:italic>, the zebrafish homologs of <jats:italic>Mkx<\/jats:italic>. We found that <jats:italic>mkx<\/jats:italic> crispants expressed reduced levels of <jats:italic>gli1<\/jats:italic>, a critical transcription factor in the Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway that plays an important role in the regulation of palatogenesis. Furthermore, we found that <jats:italic>mkxa<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> zebrafish were more susceptible than <jats:italic>mkxa<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>+\/+<\/jats:sup> zebrafish to the deleterious effects of cyclopamine, an inhibitor of SHH signaling, on upper jaw development. These results suggest that <jats:italic>Mkx<\/jats:italic> may be involved in palatogenesis regulated by TGF\u03b2 and SHH signaling, and that impairment in <jats:italic>Mkx<\/jats:italic> function may be related to the etiology of cleft palate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cga.12451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]],"date-time":"2021-11-24T04:38:51Z","timestamp":1637728731000},"page":"27-37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Involvement of homeobox transcription factor Mohawk in palatogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Yuka","family":"Adachi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Pharmacology Mie University Graduate School of Medicine  Tsu Mie Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aina","family":"Higuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative 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