{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:36:32Z","timestamp":1792114592783,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,6]],"date-time":"2022-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Congenital Anomalies"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Evaluation of learning and memory is crucial in juvenile animal toxicity studies (JAS) during the development of CNS active drugs, but there are no currently recommended test methods. We compared the ability of the Morris water maze (MWM) and the Biel water maze (BWM) to detect learning and memory disorder (LMD) using rats inhaled isoflurane (IFN). Rats were treated with 1% IFN using inhalation on postnatal day (PND) 7 for 6\u00a0h. All rats were subjected to the MWM on PND 33 and the BWM on PND 55\/57 (Experiment 1), or the BWM on PND 32\/33 and the MWM on PND 54\/55 (Experiment 2). On PND 70, the brain was weighed and then neurohistopathology was conducted. There were no IFN\u2010related changes in clinical signs and body weight. In the tests beginning on PND 32\/33, the MWM clearly detected IFN\u2010related LMD in both sexes whereas the BWM detected LMD only in males. With an additional benefit of a simpler procedure, the MWM was considered superior to the BMW for JAS. LMD was not detected in both mazes tested from PND 54\/55\/57, which was considered due to weak effect and\/or recovery of brain function with growth. Single IFN inhalation on PND 7 was considered useful as positive control to induce LMD caused by postnatal exposure in rats, but stronger treatment regimens was recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cga.12460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T12:08:56Z","timestamp":1644322136000},"page":"96-104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparative study on detectability of learning and memory disorder between two water maze tests commonly used in juvenile rat toxicity studies using isoflurane inhaled rat model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5145-2459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Mineshima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Safety Research Nonclinical Research Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.  Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8358-4328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroki","family":"Kimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Safety Research Nonclinical Research Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.  Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaya","family":"Hitomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Safety Research Nonclinical Research Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.  Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumika","family":"Akizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Safety Research Nonclinical Research Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.  Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yui","family":"Terayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Safety Research Nonclinical Research Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.  Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Yoshikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Safety Research Nonclinical Research Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.  Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"170","article-title":"Mental capacity of children exposed to lead pollution","volume":"30","author":"Hebel JR","year":"1976","journal-title":"Brit J Prev Soc Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8552"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/msj.20228"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2015.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.anes.0000344728.34332.5d"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2003.12.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-12-04732.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2009.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","volume-title":"ICH Harmonised Guideline: Detection of Toxicity to Reproduction for Human Pharmaceuticals S5(R3)","author":"International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","volume-title":"ICH Harmonised Guideline: Nonclinical Safety Testing in Support of Development of Paediatric Pharmaceuticals S11","author":"International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).Guidelines for reproduction studies for safety evaluation of drugs for human use.1966."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","unstructured":"U.K. Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS).Guideline not on application for product licences. A14\u20101.1884."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","unstructured":"Council of the European Union.83\/571\/EEC: concerning tests relating to the placing on the market of proprietary medical products.1983."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","unstructured":"PAB\/ERD\u20101 Notification No. 24. Guideline for toxicity studies of drugs.1989."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"579","article-title":"Collaborative behavioral teratology study: protocol design and testing procedures","volume":"7","author":"Adams J","year":"1985","journal-title":"Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"591","article-title":"Collaborative behavioral teratology study: results","volume":"7","author":"Buelke\u2010sam J","year":"1985","journal-title":"Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"625","article-title":"Comparison of the collaborative behavioral teratology study and Cincinnati behavioral teratology test batteries","volume":"7","author":"Vorhees CV","year":"1985","journal-title":"Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"709","article-title":"Behavioral effects of prenatal d\u2010amphetamine in rats: a parallel trial to the collaborative behavioral teratology study","volume":"7","author":"Vorhees CV","year":"1985","journal-title":"Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-4520.1998.tb00334.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(96)00082-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-4520.2001.tb00828.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","unstructured":"MineshimaH KatagiriR KodamaT et al.Potential issues of learning and memory (LM) test methods in juvenile rat toxicity studies (JAS) for pediatric drug development. Presented at: Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Toxicology;2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0023-9690(81)90020-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","first-page":"439","article-title":"Early age differences in the maze performance in the albino rat","volume":"56","author":"Biel WC","year":"1940","journal-title":"J Genet Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31819c463d"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-03-00876.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e31818cdb29"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2011.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2011.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181d94da5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318234228b"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2013.00087"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet073"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.01.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31819c463d"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1293\/tox.2016-0047"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14252\/foodsafetyfscj.2014038"}],"container-title":["Congenital Anomalies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cga.12460","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cga.12460","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cga.12460","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,26]],"date-time":"2023-08-26T00:09:36Z","timestamp":1693008576000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cga.12460"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,6]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cga.12460"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cga.12460","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0914-3505","1741-4520"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0914-3505","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-4520","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-10-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-03-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}