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It has been known that the androgens are required for sexually dimorphic organogenesis. It is however unknown about the features of androgen signaling during mouse CC development. It is also unclear how androgen\u2010driven downstream factors are involved such processes. In the current study, we analyzed the onset of sexually dimorphic CC formation based on histological analyses, the dynamics of androgen receptor (AR) expression, and regulation of cell proliferation. Of note, we identified Dickkopf\u2010related protein 2 (<jats:italic>Dkk2<\/jats:italic>), an inhibitor of \u03b2\u2010catenin signaling, was predominantly expressed in female CC compared with male. Furthermore, administration of androgens resulted in activation of \u03b2\u2010catenin signaling. We have found the <jats:italic>Sox9<\/jats:italic> gene, one of the essential markers for chondrocyte, was specifically expressed in the developing CC. Hence, we utilized CC\u2010specific, <jats:italic>Sox9<\/jats:italic> <jats:sup><jats:italic>CreERT2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>\u03b2\u2010catenin<\/jats:italic> conditional mutant mice. Such mutant mice showed defective cell proliferation. Furthermore, introduction of activated form of <jats:italic>\u03b2\u2010catenin<\/jats:italic> mutation (gain of function mutation for Wnt\/\u03b2\u2010catenin signaling) in CC induced augmented cell proliferation. Altogether, we revealed androgen\u2010Wnt\/\u03b2\u2010catenin signal dependent cell proliferation was essential for sexually dimorphic CC formation. These findings open new avenues for understanding developmental mechanisms of androgen\u2010dependent cell proliferation during sexual differentiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cga.12465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T04:36:21Z","timestamp":1648010181000},"page":"123-133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Androgen\/Wnt\/\u03b2\u2010catenin signal axis augments cell proliferation of the mouse erectile tissue, corpus cavernosum"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7965-5357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mizuki","family":"Kajimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Advanced Medicine Wakayama Medical University  Wakayama 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