{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T19:43:44Z","timestamp":1776973424176,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Congenital Anomalies"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cleft lip and palate deformities substantially burden individuals and families, particularly in low\u2010income communities. However, a comprehensive understanding of the patterns and distribution of these deformities in Kenya remains limited. This retrospective cross\u2010sectional study analyzed 647 clinical records from the BelaRisu Foundation registry in Kenya, spanning 2018\u20132022. After meticulous record verification and data extraction, cleft pattern modeling was used to analyze each case. Data were imported to SPSS version 29.0 and descriptive statistics were calculated, which included means, ranges, frequencies, percentages, and standard deviations. Additionally, a comparative analysis between genders was conducted. The findings revealed a higher average age of presentation compared with previous studies in Kenya, along with a greater susceptibility of males to cleft lip and palate defects overall. Noteworthy disparities in case distribution across provinces were observed. Cleft lip emerged as the most observed primary defect, while palatal fistulae constituted the most frequent secondary defect. Interestingly, while some results aligned with global trends, others diverged significantly from the existing literature, warranting further exploration and investigation. These findings shed light on the unique patterns and distribution of cleft lip and palate deformities in Kenya, highlighting the need for targeted interventions and support systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cga.12564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T13:55:40Z","timestamp":1711461340000},"page":"134-142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Patterns of primary and secondary defects associated with non\u2010syndromic cleft lip and palate: <scp>An<\/scp> epidemiological analysis in a <scp>Kenyan<\/scp> population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Kamau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Department of Dental Sciences University of Nairobi  Nairobi Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy University of Nairobi  Nairobi Kenya"},{"name":"Clinical research BelaRisu Foundation  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4369-093X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krishan","family":"Sarna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Department of Dental Sciences University of Nairobi  Nairobi Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy University of Nairobi  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Symon","family":"Guthua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Department of Dental Sciences University of Nairobi  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khushboo Jayant","family":"Sonigra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy University of Nairobi  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Kimani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical research BelaRisu Foundation  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children8100862"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887\u2010019\u20101624\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31381"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094\u20101298(20)31050\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/molsci.2020016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children9121846"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jclpca.jclpca_8_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/eamj.v82i12.9371"},{"issue":"78","key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"Cleft lip and palate: a 30\u2010year epidemiologic study in north\u2010east of Iran","volume":"27","author":"Kianifar H","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iran J Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663\u2010010\u20100132\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741\u20104520.1984.tb00009.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/10\u2010236"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/229255031302100102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215931"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Africa has unique and urgent barriers to cleft care: lessons from practitioners at the pan\u2010African congress on cleft lip and palate","volume":"12","author":"Adetayo O","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pan Afr med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000003984"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010022\u201023584\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656211010060"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472\u20106831\u201014\u2010104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/12\u2010135"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","first-page":"295","article-title":"Anatomical studies on the development of the facial artery and its distribution in the cleft lip of the human fetus. Part1: development of the facial artery in the human fetus on the latter stage of pregnancy","volume":"1","author":"Hirayama K","year":"1971","journal-title":"Med J Kagoshima Univ"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"An epidemiologic investigation of factors related to the extent of facial clefts. I. Sex of patient","volume":"5","author":"Meskin LH","year":"1968","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1111\/cga.70021","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754352000000}}],"container-title":["Congenital Anomalies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cga.12564","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T02:30:34Z","timestamp":1714962634000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cga.12564"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cga.12564"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cga.12564","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0914-3505","1741-4520"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0914-3505","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-4520","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-15","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}