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A sample of 52 cancer\u2010affected (C\u2010A) and 27 cancer\u2010unaffected (C\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UN<\/jats:styled-content>) women were enrolled after gene test disclosure (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T0<\/jats:styled-content>). Psychological evaluations were performed at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T0<\/jats:styled-content> and 15\u2009months later (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T1<\/jats:styled-content>). The surgical options were more likely to be chosen in C\u2010A women (62%), although a consistent proportion of C\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UN<\/jats:styled-content> women (30%) also opt for these preventive measures. At the baseline, both samples had average anxiety and depression scores below the cut\u2010off value, restrained average cancer worry scores and a risk perception consistent with the risk percentage provided during genetic counselling. The longitudinal results indicated no clinically meaningful variations in the anxiety and depression scores in either of the two samples. Statistically significant reductions in cancer\u2010risk perception emerged in women who chose surgery in both C\u2010A and C\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UN<\/jats:styled-content> women. In <jats:italic>BRCA1<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>BRCA2<\/jats:italic> mutation carriers, surveillance does not influence their initial psychological condition, whereas prophylactic surgery has a significant impact in reducing the perceived risk and worry about getting sick. C\u2010A and C\u2010UN women have to be considered as two separate populations of <jats:italic>BRCA<\/jats:italic> mutation carriers requiring personalized approaches to risk management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cge.12298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,12]],"date-time":"2013-10-12T02:34:22Z","timestamp":1381545262000},"page":"7-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["The psychological impact of breast and ovarian cancer preventive options in <i>BRCA1<\/i> and <i>BRCA2<\/i> mutation carriers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"C","family":"Borreani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Psychology Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Manoukian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Medical Genetics Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milan 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