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Because hematopoietic stem cells are accessible and because it was understood that genetic correction of lymphocyte progenitor cells carrying a genetic defect impairing differentiation, could result in the production of long\u2010lived T lymphocytes, it was reasoned that ex vivo gene transfer in hematopoietic cells could lead to disease phenotype correction. Retroviral vectors were designed to ex vivo transduce such cells. This has indeed been shown to lead to sustained correction of the T cell immunodeficiency associated with two forms of severe combined immunodeficiencies (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCID<\/jats:styled-content>) for now more than ten years. Occurrence in some patients of genotoxicity related to retroviral vectors integration close to and transactivation of oncogenes has led to the development of retroviral vectors devoid of its enhancer element. Results of recent trials performed for several forms of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PID<\/jats:styled-content> indeed suggest that their use is both safe and efficacious. It is thus anticipated that their application to the treatment of many more life threatening <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PID<\/jats:styled-content> will be developed over the coming years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cge.12576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,24]],"date-time":"2015-02-24T10:20:23Z","timestamp":1424773223000},"page":"507-515","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Gene therapy for primary immunodeficiencies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Fischer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paris Descartes \u2013 Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9 University Imagine Institute  Paris France"},{"name":"Immunology and Pediatric Hematology Department Assistance Publique\u2010H\u00f4pitaux de Paris  Paris France"},{"name":"INSERM UMR 1163 Institut Imagine  Paris France"},{"name":"Coll\u00e8ge de France  Paris 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