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In a 46 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XX<\/jats:styled-content> individual, the absence of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRY<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> and the activation of genes associated with the female pathway lead to ovarian development. The latter process has long been considered as a default pathway. However, recent studies have cast doubts on this dogma. Here, after a brief overview of the main steps of ovarian development, we focus on three genes <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WNT4<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSPO1<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FOXL2<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> that are essential for ovarian determination, differentiation and\/or maintenance. Special attention is paid to <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FOXL2<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> whose mutations are responsible for the blepharophimosis syndrome, often associated with female infertility, and for cancer. We highlight the cooperation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WNT4<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSPO1<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FOXL2<\/jats:styled-content> within a regulatory network and the need for further research to better understand their role in defining and maintaining ovarian identity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cge.12862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,8]],"date-time":"2016-09-08T08:43:31Z","timestamp":1473324211000},"page":"173-182","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["The genetic make\u2010up of ovarian development and function: the focus on the transcription factor <scp>FOXL2<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Elzaiat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Cellular Pathologies Institut Jacques Monod  Paris France"},{"name":"UFR Sciences du Vivant Universit\u00e9 Paris 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