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It is the leading cause of death in children younger than 5\u2009years old and represents 70% of neonatal deaths and 75% of neonatal morbidity. Despite the clinical and public health significance, this condition's etiology is still unclear, and most of the cases are spontaneous. There are several known preterm birth risk factors, including inflammatory diseases and the genetic background, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are far from understood. The present review highlights the research advances on the association between inflammatory\u2010related genes and the increased risk for preterm delivery. The most associated genetic variants are the\n                    <jats:italic>TNF\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    rs1800629, the\n                    <jats:italic>IL1\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    rs17561, and the\n                    <jats:italic>IL1RN<\/jats:italic>\n                    rs2234663. Moreover, many of the genes discussed in this review are also implicated in pathologies involving inflammatory or autoimmune systems, such as periodontal disease, bowel inflammatory disease, and autoimmune rheumatic diseases. This review presents evidence suggesting a common genetic background to preterm birth, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases susceptibility.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cge.14001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T00:04:25Z","timestamp":1621469065000},"page":"357-367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Inflammatory factors,\n                    <scp>genetic variants<\/scp>\n                    , and predisposition for preterm birth"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2872-7853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Couceiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz Campus Universit\u00e1rio Quinta da Granja  Caparica Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Vida, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica  Caparica Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Ci\u00eancias Forenses e Psicol\u00f3gicas Egas Moniz Campus Universit\u00e1rio Quinta da Granja  Caparica Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz Campus Universit\u00e1rio Quinta da Granja  Caparica Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Jo\u00e3o","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz Campus Universit\u00e1rio Quinta da Granja  Caparica Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro V.","family":"Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Vida, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica  Caparica Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra R.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Vida, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica  Caparica Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5188-0453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Quintas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz Campus Universit\u00e1rio Quinta da Granja  Caparica Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Ci\u00eancias Forenses e Psicol\u00f3gicas Egas Moniz Campus Universit\u00e1rio Quinta da Granja  Caparica Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2012.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13195"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30451-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"MartinJA HamiltonBE OstermanMJK.Births in the United States 2018; NCHS;2019.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/products\/index.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31593-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03804.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","unstructured":"United Nations.Sustainable Development Goal 3. 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