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It includes complete dislocation, partial dislocation, instability with femoral head subluxation, and a range of imaging abnormalities that reflect inadequate acetabular formation. Known risk factors for DDH include positive family history, sex, premature birth, non\u2010cephalic delivery, oligohydramnios, gestational diabetes mellitus, maternal hypertension, associated anomalies, swaddling clothes, intrauterine space restriction, and post\u2010term pregnancy. Various research designs have been employed in DDH studies to identify relevant genes, including candidate gene association studies (CGAS), genome\u2010wide association studies (GWAS), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and whole exome sequencing (WES). To date, multiple DDH\u2010associated genes have been identified in various populations. Despite extensive research into the epidemiology, risk factors, and genes associated with DDH, its pathogenesis remains unclear. This study provides a comprehensive summary of DDH research designs and evidence for relevant gene mutations through a PubMed search.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cge.14618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,22]],"date-time":"2024-09-22T23:05:32Z","timestamp":1727046332000},"page":"3-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Review of susceptibility genes in developmental dysplasia of the hip: A comprehensive examination of candidate genes and pathways"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Wenla","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Orthopedics Jiangnan Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Hangzhou Xiaoshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Hangzhou 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