{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:31:05Z","timestamp":1791304265123,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,25]],"date-time":"2018-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"College of Dentistry Research Center, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Implant Dent Rel Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>To the author's knowledge, there has been no study that has assessed clinical, radiographic, and immunological peri\u2010implant parameters among individuals vaping e\u2010cigarette (e\u2010cig).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This pilot study aimed to compare clinical and radiographic peri\u2010implant parameters and levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1) and interleukin (IL)\u20101\u03b2 levels among individuals vaping e\u2010cigs and never smoker (NS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010seven individuals vaping e\u2010cigs (group\u20101) and 45 NS (group\u20102) were included. Demographic and implant\u2010related data were collected using a structured baseline questionnaire. Peri\u2010implant plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing depth (PD) were recorded and peri\u2010implant bone loss (PIBL) were assessed using standardized digital radiographs. Enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay was used to assess the levels of TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u20101\u03b2 in peri\u2010implant sulcular fluid.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bleeding on probing showed statistically significantly higher values in group\u20102 patients as compared to group\u20101 patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01). Probing depth\u2009\u2265\u20094 mm and PIBL was statistically significantly higher in group\u20101 patients as compared to group\u20102 patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Mean concentrations of TNF\u2010\u03b1 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and IL\u20101\u03b2 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01) were statistically significantly increased in individuals in group 1 as compared with group 2. A significant positive correlations were found between TNF\u2010\u03b1 levels and BOP (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.024) and PIBL (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.016); and significant positive correlation was found between IL\u20101\u03b2 and PIBL (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.018) in group 1, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical and radiographic peri\u2010implant parameters are compromised among vaping individuals. Increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines in peri\u2010implant sulcular fluid may suggest greater local inflammatory response in vaping individuals for peri\u2010implant inflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,25]],"date-time":"2018-03-25T16:54:13Z","timestamp":1521996853000},"page":"410-415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Peri\u2010implant parameters, tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha, and interleukin\u20101 beta levels in vaping individuals"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Khulud A.","family":"Al\u2010Aali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Alrabiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dental Science College of Dentistry, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aws S.","family":"ArRejaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dental Science College of Dentistry, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7266-5886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tariq","family":"Abduljabbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dental Science College of Dentistry, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahim","family":"Vohra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dental Science College of Dentistry, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9618-8818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zohaib","family":"Akram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry Ziauddin University Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2013.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2016.1268162"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170702"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.06.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2014.12.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2016.914"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12652"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.12857"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2017.170197"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12575"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2010.01674.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","article-title":"Comparison of periodontal inflammatory parameters among habitual gutka\u2010chewers and naswar\u2010dippers: a split\u2010mouth retrospective clinical study","author":"Akram Z","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12556"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12557"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"ElashoffJD.nQuery Advisor. 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