{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T14:04:23Z","timestamp":1743775463739,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,9]],"date-time":"2018-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Implant Dent Rel Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Resorption of hard and soft tissues following immediate implant insertion is frequently reported. Data regarding the influencing factors on facial tissue thickness are rare.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective study investigated the impact of connective tissue grafting, the orofacial angulation and position of immediately inserted and provisionalized implants on the facial hard and soft tissue thickness in the anterior maxilla within a 1\u2010 to 5\u2010year follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Implants with the prerequisite of having preoperative and postoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and a follow\u2010up of 1 to 5 years were included. Facial bone deficiencies were grafted flaplessly with autogenous bone in all sites. In a subgroup of implants additional connective tissue grafting was performed, whereas the remaining implants were not grafted with soft tissue. The orofacial tooth and implant angulation, the change of horizontal position and the facial bone thickness were measured by CBCT, the facial mucosa thickness by an ultrasonic device.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 76 implants were placed in 55 patients. Sixty\u2010nine sites showed a facial bone defect. Thirty\u2010eight received a connective tissue graft additionally. All implants were still in function after a mean follow\u2010up of 36\u2009months. The mean thickness of the facial mucosa was 1.72\u2009mm at 1 mm, 1.63\u2009mm at 4 mm, 1.52\u2009mm at 6 mm, and 1.66\u2009mm at 9 mm apically to mucosal margin. The bone thickness was 0.02, 0.25, and 0.36\u2009mm initially and 1.32, 1.26, and 1.11\u2009mm finally at 1, 3, and 6 mm apically to implant shoulder level. Mixed model analysis revealed an impact of the preoperative bone status on the facial bone increase. The facial soft tissue thickness was significantly influenced by the gingival biotype.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results indicate that an initial severe hard tissue defect allows for significant bone regeneration. The facial soft tissue thickness is primarily influenced by the gingival biotype.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,9]],"date-time":"2018-08-09T19:54:20Z","timestamp":1533844460000},"page":"674-682","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Influence of soft tissue grafting, orofacial implant position, and angulation on facial hard and soft tissue thickness at immediately inserted and provisionalized implants in the anterior maxilla"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2258-7909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Noelken","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz  Mainz Germany"},{"name":"Private Practice for Oral Surgery  Lindau\/Lake Constance Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jannik","family":"Geier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry University of Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Kunkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University Hospital of Bochum  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S\u00f8ren","family":"Jepsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry University of Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wilfried","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2012.02540.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.2014suppl.g3.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"712","article-title":"The influence of soft tissue thickness on crestal bone changes around implants: a 1\u2010year prospective controlled clinical trial","volume":"24","author":"Linkevicius T","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2007.01413.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2009.01887.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12820"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2016.150571"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"251","article-title":"In vitro color changes of soft tissues caused by restorative materials","volume":"27","author":"Jung RE","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2017.160698"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"657","article-title":"Immediate implant placement and provisionalization with and without a connective tissue graft: an analysis of facial gingival tissue thickness","volume":"32","author":"Rungcharassaeng K","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12245"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"841","article-title":"Buccal bone augmentation around immediate implants with and without flap elevation: a modified approach","volume":"23","author":"Covani U","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"175","article-title":"Immediate implant placement and provisionalization after long\u2010axis root fracture and complete loss of the facial bony lamella","volume":"31","author":"Noelken R","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2007.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.3617"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12571"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2014.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12069"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12651"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"217","article-title":"Use of the supraperiosteal envelope in soft tissue grafting for root coverage. 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