{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T23:44:49Z","timestamp":1771631089169,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,13]],"date-time":"2020-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Implant Dent Rel Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Calvarial bone grafts are successful in the reconstruction of the severely atrophied maxilla as a pre\u2010implant procedure. However, not much is known about graft incorporation at the microscopic level.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to assess calvarial bone conversion 4\u2009months after being grafted in the edentulous maxillary bone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 13 patients (age:65.3 \u00b1\u20098.7\u2009years) the atrophic maxilla was reconstructed with autologous calvarial bone. Biopsies were taken from fresh calvarial bone grafts and from the reconstructed maxillae after 4\u2009months of healing. Micro\u2010CT, histomorphometric, and histological analysis were performed. From three patients biopsies were obtained after 9, 11, or 45\u2009months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The micro\u2010CT analysis revealed that in the maxilla the calvarial bone was well preserved even after 45\u2009months. Histology showed progressive incorporation of grafted bone within a maxillary bone. Osteoid and osteocytes were present in all biopsies indicating new bone formation and vital bone. Histomorphometrically, the percentage of grafted bone volume over total volume decreased from 79.8% (IQR78.7\u201083.3) in fresh calvarial grafts to 59.3% (IQR44.8\u201064.6) in healed grafts. The biopsies were taken after 9, 11, and 45\u2009months showed similar values.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Calvarial bone grafts result in stable and viable bone, good incorporation into native maxillary bone, and a minor decrease in bone volume after healing. Consequently, they provide a solid base for implant placement in severely atrophied edentulous maxillary bone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12936","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T16:36:51Z","timestamp":1601051811000},"page":"593-601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Histomorphometric and micro\u2010CT analyses of calvarial bone grafts used to reconstruct the extremely atrophied maxilla"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9625-7614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dagmar E.","family":"Wortmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenneke","family":"Klein\u2010Nulend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Cell Biology University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leo J.","family":"van Ruijven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Anatomy University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arjan","family":"Vissink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerry M.","family":"Raghoebar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jurjen","family":"Schortinghuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Treant Scheper Ziekenhuis Emmen  Emmen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2010.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40729-017-0084-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/ijom.2003.0465"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198312000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2012.02463.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.02.077"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2018.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2014.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2018.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2006.01357.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000004586"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.1998.0285"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.141"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","unstructured":"Plenk. 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