{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T16:06:51Z","timestamp":1787674011918,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["231530"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["231530"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016544","name":"The Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016544","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Implant Dent Rel Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate osteogenic markers and alveolar ridge profile changes in guided bone regeneration (GBR) of chronic noncontained bone defects using a nonresorbable TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> block.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three buccal bone defects were created in each hemimandible of eight beagle dogs and allowed to heal for 8\u2009weeks before GBR. Treatment was assigned by block randomization: TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> block: TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010scaffold and a collagen membrane, DBBM particulates: Deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) and a collagen membrane, Empty control: Only collagen membrane. Bone regeneration was assessed on two different healing timepoints: early (4\u2009weeks) and late healing (12\u2009weeks) using several immunohistochemistry markers including alpha\u2010smooth muscle actin (\u03b1\u2010SMA), osteopontin, osteocalcin, tartrate\u2010resistant acid phosphatase, and collagen type I. Histomorphometry was performed on Movat Pentachrome\u2010stained and Von Kossa\/Van Gieson\u2010stained sections. Stereolithographic (STL) models were used to compare alveolar profile changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The percentage of \u03b1\u2010SMA and osteopontin increased in TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> group after 12\u2009weeks of healing at the bone\u2010scaffold interface, while collagen type I increased in the empty control group. In the defect area, \u03b1\u2010SMA decreased in the empty control group, while collagen type I increased in the DBBM group. All groups maintained alveolar profile from 4 to 12\u2009weeks, but TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> group demonstrated the widest soft tissue contour profile.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present findings suggested contact osteogenesis when GBR is performed with a TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> block or DBBM particulates. The increase in osteopontin indicated a potential for bone formation beyond 12\u2009weeks. The alveolar profile data indicated a sustained lateral increase in lateral bone augmentation using a TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> block and a collagen membrane, as compared with DBBM and a collagen membrane or a collagen membrane alone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.13143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T08:38:53Z","timestamp":1665563933000},"page":"57-67","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Immunohistochemical comparison of lateral bone augmentation using a synthetic <scp>TiO<sub>2<\/sub><\/scp> block or a xenogeneic graft in chronic alveolar defects"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1712-9276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minh Khai Le","family":"Thieu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of 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