{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T20:17:46Z","timestamp":1778876266148,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Implant Dent Rel Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The determination of the maxillary occlusal plane presents a significant clinical challenge in the treatment of edentulous patients as well as it is critical for complex full\u2010mouth reconstructions in dentate patients, including those with implant\u2010supported rehabilitations. While the use of a Fox plane plate is standard in edentulous cases, its application in dentate patients lacks thorough documentation in existing literature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This clinical study assessed the sagittal position of the maxillary dentition in relation to facial landmarks using a digital three\u2010dimensional analysis and evaluated the suitability and reliability of applying a simulated Fox plane plate, also known as an occlusal plane guide, in dentate patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty\u2010one subjects were recruited at the Department of Prosthetic Dentistry of Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany, according to specific inclusion criteria. Intraoral and facial scans were obtained and analyzed using GOM Inspect Pro software (GOM, Braunschweig, Germany). The angles between the maxillary occlusal plane and three variations each of Camper's plane and ala\u2010tragus line, relating to superior, middle, and inferior tragus points, were measured. These modified planes were then compared to a plane established by a simulated digital Fox plane plate, which was adapted to the maxillary anterior teeth and the lowest point of the posterior teeth in both quadrants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 81 subjects (58 female and 23 male) with a mean age of 23.9\u2009years were evaluated in this study. No significant angular difference was found between the angles of the maxillary occlusal plane compared with superior Camper's plane, middle Camper's plane, or superior ala\u2010tragus line (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &gt;0.05). The smallest angle occurred between superior Camper's plane and the maxillary occlusal plane on both the right (3.443\u00b0) and left (3.535\u00b0) sides. The application of a Fox plane plate resulted in two different occlusal planes in 70% of patients, significantly deviating from the digitally determined plane (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Superior and middle Camper's planes, along with superior ala\u2010tragus line, can be considered approximately parallel reference planes and are suitable for routine determining of the maxillary occlusal plane in restorative treatments. However, in contrast to digital evaluation methods, the application of a Fox plane plate in dentate patients showed high variability, indicating its low reproducibility due to its ambiguous positioning on the maxillary dentition.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical trial registration site:<\/jats:bold> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/drks.de\/search\/de\/trial\/DRKS00030166\">https:\/\/drks.de\/search\/de\/trial\/DRKS00030166<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.13351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T01:09:06Z","timestamp":1718240946000},"page":"913-921","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["3D evaluation of sagittal inclination of the maxillary dentition in relation to facial landmarks: A cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5512-0873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Basel","family":"El\u2010Sabbagh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dentistry and Oral Health (Carolinum) Goethe University Frankfurt  Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Seidel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dentistry and Oral Health (Carolinum) Goethe University Frankfurt  Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Babak","family":"Sayahpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Center for Dentistry and Oral Health (Carolinum) Goethe University Frankfurt  Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0693-0810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan\u2010Frederik","family":"G\u00fcth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dentistry and Oral Health (Carolinum) Goethe University Frankfurt  Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"279","article-title":"Natural head position and inclination of craniofacial planes","volume":"19","author":"Petricevic N","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J 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