{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T02:18:50Z","timestamp":1790648330625,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Implant Dent Rel Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The learning curve effect of dynamic computer\u2010assisted implant surgery (D\u2010CAIS) was observed among inexperienced novice surgeons. The learning curves can provide valuable information for novice surgeons and valid comparisons between new and conventional techniques. Recently, robotic computer\u2010assisted implant surgery (R\u2010CAIS) has shown promise as a novel dental implant surgical technique for both partially and edentulous patients. However, its learning curve remains unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to explore the learning curve of dental implant placement surgery with a task\u2010autonomous robotic system among young dentists with different specialties.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Materials<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four young dentists (mean age: 25.3\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5\u2009years at the beginning of their first attempt) with equal representation of males and females and with different specialties participated in this study. None of the participants had prior experience in R\u2010CAIS. Each operator placed eight implants over eight attempts using a semi\u2010active task\u2010autonomous robotic system. Among the eight implants, four were straight lateral incisor implants, and four were 30\u00b0\u2010tilted premolar implants. The implants were placed in each dental quadrant of the maxillary and mandibular jaw modules. The operation time was recorded. Coronal, apical, and angular deviations between the planned and actual sites of implant placement were measured by merging preoperative and postoperative cone\u2010beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. The data were analyzed with repeated\u2010measures ANOVA (<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean time for implant placement was associated with the number of attempts (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). The time taken for the second attempt was significantly shorter than that of the first attempt (33.26 vs. 30.47\u2009min; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) then it plateaued. Three\u2010dimensional (3D) angular (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.31), coronal deviation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.26), and apical deviation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.06) did not differ significantly among attempts. The mean values and standard deviations of 3D coronal deviation, 3D apical deviation, and 3D angular deviation were 0.71\u2009\u00b1\u20090.31\u2009mm, 0.72\u2009\u00b1\u20090.30\u2009mm, and 0.94\u2009\u00b1\u20090.58\u00b0, respectively. Neither the position of the jaw (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.59) nor the tilt angle of the implant (straight or 30\u00b0\u2010tilted, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.85) was related to implant placement accuracy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dentists quickly learned the basic workflow of R\u2010CAIS and thus facilitated the clinicians in the mastery of implant placement on edentulous jaw modules, leading to a comparable operating speed and high precision. Moreover, the accuracy of placement of straight and tilted implants in both the maxilla and mandible with R\u2010CAIS was satisfactory.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.13402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T23:31:16Z","timestamp":1729035076000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Exploring the Learning Curve of Dental Implant Placement Using a Task\u2010Autonomous Robotic System Among Young Dentists From Different Specialties\u2014A Pilot Module Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0144-5963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minjie","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Second Dental Center Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"College of Stomatology Shanghai Jiao Tong 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