{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:46:57Z","timestamp":1787014017769,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Implant Dent Rel Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Detailed knowledge of sinus anatomy as well as timely identification through CT scans of the anatomic structures inherent to the maxillary sinus is required to avoid unnecessary surgical complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate sinus homeostasis, physiology, and anatomy; to review all anatomical\u2010related risk factors for sinus membrane perforation; and to analyze the significance of preoperative and postoperative sinus CT scan imaging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from the recent literature on the above topics were explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thinner membranes may not have sufficient mechanical strength to resist force during elevation or bone grafting, and thicker membranes may be associated with the presence of subclinical sinusitis. Increased thickness of an unhealthy membrane generally indicates a weaker membrane with a gelatinous texture, whereas thickening of a healthy membrane occurs at the periosteal layer level and can enhance its strength. Sinus membrane thickness, sinus septa, type of edentulism, and root position relative to the sinus cavity, residual bone height, sinus width, palatonasal recess angle, buccal wall thickness, zygomatic arch location, alveolar antral artery, and bone dehiscence may influence the clinical complexity of the surgery. There is no clear evidence of systematic negative outcomes related to sinus perforations. In patients with severely atrophic posterior maxillas, the possibility of lacerating the alveolar antral artery and\/or detecting antral septa must be considered, especially when the residual ridge height is &lt;\u20093\u2009mm high. Transient edema and thickening of the sinus mucosal membrane typically resolve spontaneously. In cases of graft extrusion, conservative management could be considered for asymptomatic patients with healthy sinus and open ostium at the time of surgery. On the other hand, patients with symptoms should be referred. Radiographic evidence of implant protrusion into the sinuses is not always associated with complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Investigating sinus homeostasis and physiology, exploring the vascular anatomy within the maxillary sinus, identifying anatomical risk factors for sinus membrane perforation, and analyzing the significance of preoperative and postoperative sinus CT imaging provide a systematic and comprehensive framework for evaluating the complexity of maxillary sinus augmentation using a lateral approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.70019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T09:19:19Z","timestamp":1744103959000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Anatomy of the Maxillary Sinus and the Role of\n                    <scp>CT<\/scp>\n                    Scans in Maxillary Sinus Augmentation Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Rosano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Craniofacial Anatomy  Como Italy"},{"name":"Lake Como Institute Implant Advanced Training Center  Como Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Vacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Craniofacial Anatomy  Como Italy"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine University Paris\u2010Cit\u00e9  Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery Beaujon Hospital, APHP  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Lazaroo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Craniofacial Anatomy  Como Italy"},{"name":"Department of Cranial Cervicofacial Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine University Paris\u2010Cit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5762-6851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico Maria","family":"Strappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences University of Milan  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Gaudy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Craniofacial Anatomy  Como Italy"},{"name":"Department of Cranial Cervicofacial Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine University Paris\u2010Cit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0278\u20102391(10)80290\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","volume-title":"Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: The Messerklinger Technique","author":"Stammberger H.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010051X.2008.01272.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12480"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12660"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100501.2010.02045.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","first-page":"384","article-title":"CT Scan Standard Reconstruction Technique for Reliable Jaw Bone Volume Determination","volume":"5","author":"Quirynen M.","year":"1990","journal-title":"International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","first-page":"637","article-title":"The Hiatus Semiluminaris, the Infundibulum and the Ostium of the Sinus Maxillaris, the Anterior Attached Zone of the Concha Nasalis and Its Distance to the Landmarks of the Outer and Inner Nose","volume":"134","author":"Lang J.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gegenbaurs Morphologisches Jahrbuch"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","first-page":"197","article-title":"History of Rhinology: Anatomy of the Paranasal Sinuses","volume":"27","author":"Stammberger H.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","volume-title":"La chirurgia del seno mascellare e le alternative terapeutiche","author":"Mantovani M.","year":"2005"},{"issue":"48","key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"1059","article-title":"Fracture of the Frontal Sinus and Function of the Paranasal Sinuses","volume":"116","author":"Messerklinger W.","year":"1966","journal-title":"Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100501.2008.01686.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12646"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.156.2.1898819"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100501.2010.01986.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12168"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","first-page":"557","article-title":"Augmentation of the Sinus Floor With Mandibular Bone Block and Simultaneous Implantation: A 6\u2010Year Clinical Investigation","volume":"14","author":"Khoury F.","year":"1999","journal-title":"International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","first-page":"129","article-title":"Quantitative Histology of the Maxillary Sinus","volume":"15","author":"Mogensen C.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181ef2be9"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","first-page":"1293","article-title":"Experimental Study on Histological Changes in the Sinus Membrane Following Sinus Lift","volume":"52","author":"Oni\u015for\u2010Gligor F.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1679\u2010775720130078"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","first-page":"28","article-title":"Effect of Schneiderian Membrane Perforation on Posterior Maxillary Implant Survival","volume":"5","author":"Nooh N.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of International Oral Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100501.2004.01062.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","first-page":"991","article-title":"Adult Stem Cells Derived From Human Maxillary Sinus Membrane and Their Osteogenic Differentiation","volume":"24","author":"Kim S. W.","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223\u2010008\u20109202\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.2003.8.1.328"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Which Hard Tissue Augmentation Techniques Are the Most Successful in Furnishing Bony Support for Implant Placement?","volume":"22","author":"Aghaloo T. L.","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100722.2008.00571.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"Sinus Grafting Related to Implantology. Statistical Analysis of 15\u2009Years of Surgical Experience (1979\u20101994)","volume":"22","author":"Chanavaz M.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Oral Implantology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181a2d77f"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600\u20100501.1999.100105.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488509119154"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","first-page":"784","article-title":"Distribution of the Maxillary Artery as It Relates to Sinus Floor Augmentation","volume":"20","author":"Elian N.","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2007.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098\u20102353(1999)12:6<417::AID\u2010CA3>3.0.CO;2\u2010W"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","first-page":"1047","article-title":"Vascular Connections of the Lateral Wall of the Sinus: Surgical Effect in Sinus Augmentation","volume":"23","author":"Ella B.","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0901\u20105027(88)80047\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","volume-title":"Tissue\u2010Integrated Prostheses: Osseointegration in Clinical Dentistry","author":"Lekholm U.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600\u20100722.2003.00012.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.06.036"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"Maxillary Sinus Opacification After Surgery in Asymptomatic Patients: Transient Swelling of the Sinus Mucosa or Graft Dispersion Into the Maxillary Sinus. A Radiographic Report of Three Cases After a Follow\u2010Up Period of at Least 5\u2009Years","volume":"17","author":"Testori T.","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Oral Implantology (Berlin)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12856"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2016.160041"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2017.160694"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12699"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12752"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","first-page":"354","article-title":"An Inquiry Into the Anatomy and Pathology of the Maxillary Sinus","volume":"44","author":"Underwood A. S.","year":"1910","journal-title":"Journal of Anatomy and Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1010\u20105182(97)80063\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0278\u20102391(99)90427\u20105"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","first-page":"854","article-title":"Maxillary Sinus Septa: A 3\u2010Dimensional Computerized Tomographic Scan Analysis","volume":"17","author":"Vel\u00e1squez\u2010Plata D.","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.07.069"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010051X.2012.01897.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11607\/prd.1609"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","first-page":"462","article-title":"Incidence and Suggested Surgical Management of Septa in Sinus\u2010Lift Procedures","volume":"10","author":"Ulm C. W.","year":"1995","journal-title":"International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","first-page":"613","article-title":"Grafting of the Maxillary Sinus Floor With Autogenous Marrow and Bone","volume":"38","author":"Boyne P. J.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of Oral Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S0026\u20104970.17.04027\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2015.01.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2018.03.027"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","first-page":"160","article-title":"Influence of Anatomy on Schneiderian Membrane Perforations During Sinus Elevation Surgery: Three\u2010Dimensional Analysis","volume":"13","author":"Cho S. C.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Practical Procedures & Aesthetic Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2012.120371"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2013.130392"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12286"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ID.0b013e3181e59ebd"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100501.2010.02140.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12429"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","first-page":"265","article-title":"Radiographic Protrusion of Dental Implants in the Maxillary Sinus and Nasal Fossae: A Multidisciplinary Consensus Utilising the Modified Delphi Method","volume":"15","author":"Testori T.","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Oral Implantology (Berlin)"}],"container-title":["Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cid.70019","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T01:39:03Z","timestamp":1747877943000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cid.70019"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cid.70019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cid.70019","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1523-0899","1708-8208"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1523-0899","type":"print"},{"value":"1708-8208","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70019"}}