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This study aims to investigate the effect of smoking on peri\u2010implant crevicular fluid (PICF) levels of macrophage\u2010related chemokines, C\u2010C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL\u20102), C\u2010C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CCL\u20108), C\u2010X\u2010C motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL\u20109), and C\u2010C motif ligand 3 (CCL\u20103), before and after non\u2010surgical treatment of initial peri\u2010implantitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty\u2010five implants (27 non\u2010smoking [NSPI] and 28 smoking [SPI]) with initial peri\u2010implantitis (bleeding on probing [BOP+], probing pocket depth [PPD] of 6\u20137\u2009mm) were included in the study. Clinical parameters were recorded, and PICF samples were collected before and 4\u2009months after non\u2010surgical treatment. PICF concentrations of CCL\u20102, CCL\u20108, CCL\u20103, and CXCL\u20109 were measured with Luminex assay. The Mann\u2013Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\u2010test, Wilcoxon signed\u2010rank test, and repeated measures analysis of variance test were used to analyze differences between and within the groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Baseline CCL\u20102 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and CXCL\u20109 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.026) levels (pg\/30\u2009s) were significantly lower in smokers compared to non\u2010smokers, while no difference was observed for CCL\u20103 between the two groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.320). Only CCL\u20102 levels (pg\/30\u2009s) decreased in the NSPI group in response to non\u2010surgical treatment (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.037).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Smoking disturbs the expressions of macrophage\u2010related chemokines in the early phase of peri\u2010implantitis. These findings may indicate the impaired control of infection during initial peri\u2010implantitis and explain the accelerated progression of the disease in smokers. This study was not registered prior to participant recruitment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT06810401\">https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT06810401<\/jats:ext-link>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.70052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T21:24:04Z","timestamp":1747862644000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of Smoking on Macrophage\u2010Related Chemokines During Initial Peri\u2010Implantitis: A Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3714-537X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Buse Naz Buyukakcali","family":"Altay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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