{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T13:28:25Z","timestamp":1789046905172,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Implant Dent Rel Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pterygoid implants represent a graftless option for rehabilitation of patients with posterior maxillary atrophy, engaging the dense cortical bone of the pterygomaxillary complex. Despite clinical growth, a comprehensive synthesis of indications, surgical techniques, and complications is lacking. This review evaluated the prevalence of complications, implant survival rates, and marginal bone loss (MBL) associated with pterygoid implant placement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The reporting of this review follows PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Six electronic databases (PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, WoS, CENTRAL, and Dentistry &amp; Oral Sciences Source) were searched from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2025. Included criteria comprised randomized and non\u2010randomized clinical studies reporting outcomes of pterygoid implants (\u2265\u200913\u2009mm) in adult patients with posterior maxillary atrophy (minimum 10 implants). Risk of bias was assessed using JBI critical appraisal checklists. Proportions were pooled using the Freeman\u2010Tukey double arcsine transformation under a random\u2010effects model. Certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seventeen studies reporting 846 patients and 1915 pterygoid implants were included. The pooled survival rate was 97.9% (95% CI: 97.1%\u201398.6%; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090%; 14 studies) and the overall failure rate was 2.1% (95% CI: 1.4%\u20133.0%). Early failure rate was 0.9% (95% CI: 0.0%\u20133.0%; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200959.5%). Late failure and MBL were summarized narratively. Certainty of evidence was low to very low.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pterygoid implants demonstrate excellent survival (97.9%) and low failure rates (2.1%), primarily early, supporting their reliability as a graftless solution for posterior maxillary atrophy. Complications appear infrequent though heterogeneously reported. Low evidence certainty necessitates prospective studies with standardized outcome reporting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.70180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T12:31:29Z","timestamp":1789043489000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Indications, Techniques and Complications Associated With Pterygoid Implants: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5123-8666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Gianfreda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome Tor Vergata  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0690-4089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Guarente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Prevention University of Rome Tor Vergata  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5904-1032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marzia","family":"Lommi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Prevention University of Rome Tor Vergata  Rome Italy"},{"name":"JBI Italy Evidence\u2010Based Practice and Health Research Centre  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2076-4621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Scarpati Cioffari","family":"di Castiglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome Tor Vergata  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8180-8520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto Antonio","family":"Nativio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine University of Rome Tor Vergata  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6517-6643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Raffone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0039-0750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirko","family":"Martelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine University of Rome Tor Vergata  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2430-2057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrizio","family":"Bollero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome Tor Vergata  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2013.12.023"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","first-page":"2474","article-title":"Evaluation of Short\u2010Term Success Rate of Pterygoid Implants Placed With or Without Surgical Guide","volume":"46","author":"Ahmed R. S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bahrain Medical Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.3665"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","unstructured":"T.Tealdo F.Gelpi F.Grivetto et\u00a0al. \u201cA Retrospective Multicentric Study of 56 Patients Treated With 92 Pterygoid Implants for Partial\/Full Arch Implant Supported Fixed Rehabilitation: Implant and Prosthesis Success Rate \u201d (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","volume-title":"Pterygoid Dental Implants: The Art and Science","author":"Holtzclaw D.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2020.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.8124"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2023.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.82820"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. J.Page J. E.McKenzie P. 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