{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T04:47:21Z","timestamp":1792039641045,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Implant Dent Rel Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Implant survival rates are high, yet peri\u2010implantitis and implant failure still compromise long\u2010term treatment success. How maintenance adherence, patient susceptibility, and prosthetic design interact to shape these outcomes in routine practice has not been fully characterized.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n This single\u2010center retrospective cohort included 260 patients with 469 implants placed between 2017 and 2023 and followed until June 2026 (median 69.3\u2009months). From documented supportive\u2010care records we classified maintenance adherence as regular (\u2265\u20092 documented visits per year or mean interval \u2264\u20096\u2009months), irregular (0.5\u2013<\u20092 visits per year among patients not meeting the absent\/lost rule), or absent\/lost (<\u20090.5 visits per year; patients with 0.5\u2013<\u20090.8 visits per year were assigned to absent\/lost only when the chart explicitly documented long\u2010term nonadherence to the planned recall schedule). Periodontitis history was staged according to the 2017 classification. Prosthetic and implant\u2010level factors included keratinized mucosa width, retention type, residual cement, emergence profile, food impaction, and occlusal overload. The primary outcome was peri\u2010implantitis; secondary outcomes included implant failure and marginal bone loss. Generalized estimating equations accounted for implant clustering within patients, and survival was assessed by Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Peri\u2010implantitis developed in 80 implants (17.1%) and implant failure in 18 (3.8%). Compared with regular maintenance, irregular maintenance (adjusted OR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.08\u20134.06;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.029) and absent\/lost maintenance (adjusted OR: 4.67, 95% CI: 2.21\u20139.87;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001) carried progressively higher peri\u2010implantitis risk. Stages III\u2013IV periodontitis (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 0.87\u20133.32), keratinized mucosa <\u20092\u2009mm, suspected residual cement, food impaction, and occlusal overload showed directionally elevated but nonsignificant associations. Longer maintenance intervals were associated with higher peri\u2010implantitis probability in a dose\u2013response fashion, and marginal bone loss was most pronounced when advanced periodontitis and absent\/lost maintenance coincided.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Poor maintenance adherence was independently associated with peri\u2010implantitis and greater marginal bone loss. Advanced periodontitis history and site\u2010 or prosthesis\u2010related factors showed directionally elevated but statistically nonsignificant adjusted associations with peri\u2010implantitis, while advanced periodontitis remained associated with greater bone loss. These findings support risk\u2010stratified supportive care programs\u2014combining periodontal risk assessment, individualized recall intervals, and systematic prosthetic evaluation during maintenance visits\u2014as a strategy to protect long\u2010term peri\u2010implant health.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.70187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T04:17:02Z","timestamp":1792037822000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Maintenance Adherence, Periodontitis, and Prosthetic Factors in Peri\u2010Implantitis: A Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Huiran","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongfeng Stomatological Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine Shiyan Hubei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6447-0970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhe","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongfeng Stomatological Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine Shiyan Hubei China"},{"name":"Hubei University of Medicine Shiyan Hubei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12994","article-title":"Long Term Clinical Performance of 10,871 Dental Implants With up to 22\u2009Years of Follow\u2010Up: A Cohort Study in 4,247 Patients","volume":"23","author":"French D.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-021-01651-8","article-title":"The Survival Rates and Risk Factors of Implants in the Early Stage: A Retrospective Study","volume":"21","author":"Yang Y.","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.5051\/jpis.2203240162","article-title":"The Cumulative Survival Rate of Dental Implants With Micro\u2010Threads: A Long\u2010Term Retrospective Study","volume":"54","author":"Nam D. H.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.105531","article-title":"Survival of Dental Implants Placed in a Postgraduate Educational Setting: A Retrospective Cohort Study","volume":"153","author":"Caponio V. C. A.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-04806-5","article-title":"Analysis of Risk Indicators for Implant Failure in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis","volume":"24","author":"Zhang Q.","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"20","key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","first-page":"S286","article-title":"Peri\u2010Implant Diseases and Conditions: Consensus Report of Workgroup 4 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri\u2010Implant Diseases and Conditions","volume":"45","author":"Berglundh T.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"issue":"20","key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","first-page":"S278","article-title":"Peri\u2010Implant Health, Peri\u2010Implant Mucositis, and Peri\u2010Implantitis: Case Definitions and Diagnostic Considerations","volume":"45","author":"Renvert S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","first-page":"S1","article-title":"A New Classification Scheme for Periodontal and Peri\u2010Implant Diseases and Conditions\u2014Introduction and Key Changes From the 1999 Classification","volume":"89","author":"Caton J. G.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","first-page":"S173","article-title":"Periodontitis: Consensus Report of Workgroup 2 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri\u2010Implant Diseases and Conditions","volume":"89","author":"Papapanou P. N.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontology"},{"issue":"26","key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13823","article-title":"Prevention and Treatment of Peri\u2010Implant Diseases\u2014The EFP S3 Level Clinical Practice Guideline","volume":"50","author":"Herrera D.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104980","article-title":"British Society of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry Guideline Implementation of European S3\u2010Level Evidence\u2010Based Treatment Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Peri\u2010Implant Diseases","volume":"149","author":"West N.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Dentistry"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.25-0270","article-title":"AO\/AAP Consensus on Prevention and Management of Peri\u2010Implant Diseases and Conditions: Summary Report","volume":"96","author":"Wang H. L.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/idj.12490","article-title":"Diagnosis and Non\u2010Surgical Treatment of Peri\u2010Implant Diseases and Maintenance Care of Patients With Dental Implants\u2014Consensus Report of Working Group 3","volume":"69","author":"Renvert S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Dental Journal"},{"issue":"26","key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13790","article-title":"Primordial and Primary Prevention of Peri\u2010Implant Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"50","author":"Carra M. C.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-024-7406-8","article-title":"Maintenance of Peri\u2010Implant Health in General Dental Practice","volume":"236","author":"Perussolo J.","year":"2024","journal-title":"British Dental Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-6440202406178","article-title":"Long\u2010Term Implant Maintenance: A Systematic Review of Home and Professional Care Strategies in Supportive Implant Therapy","volume":"35","author":"Ara\u00fajo T. G.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brazilian Dental Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2025.08.015","article-title":"Efficacy of Supportive Peri\u2010Implant Therapy in the Management of Peri\u2010Implant Mucositis and Peri\u2010Implantitis: A Systematic Review","volume":"157","author":"Mojaver S.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Journal of the American Dental Association"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.13330","article-title":"History of Periodontitis as a Risk Factor for Implant Failure and Incidence of Peri\u2010Implantitis: A Systematic Review, Meta\u2010Analysis, and Trial Sequential Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies","volume":"26","author":"Serroni M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.24-0154","article-title":"Prevalence, Incidence, Systemic, Behavioral, and Biologic Factors Contributing to Peri\u2010Implant Diseases and Conditions: An AO\/AAP Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"96","author":"Galarraga\u2010Vinueza M. E.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontology"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.105396","article-title":"Smoking in Relation to Early Dental Implant Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"151","author":"Fan Y. Y.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-30890-8","article-title":"The Lack of Keratinized Mucosa as a Risk Factor for Peri\u2010Implantitis: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"13","author":"Mahardawi B.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.13080","article-title":"The Role of Keratinized Mucosa Width as a Risk Factor for Peri\u2010Implant Disease: A Systematic Review, Meta\u2010Analysis, and Trial Sequential Analysis","volume":"24","author":"Ravid\u00e0 A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research"},{"issue":"23","key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.13766","article-title":"Influence of Width of Keratinized Tissue on the Prevalence of Peri\u2010Implant Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"33","author":"Ramanauskaite A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clinical Oral Implants Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.594","article-title":"Implant\u2010Abutment Emergence Angle and Profile in Relation to Peri\u2010Implantitis: A Systematic Review","volume":"8","author":"Soulami S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.24-0144","article-title":"The Influence of Prosthetic Designs on Peri\u2010Implant Bone Loss and Peri\u2010Implant Inflammation: An AO\/AAP Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"96","author":"Lin G. H.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/mps5010009","article-title":"A Systematic Review of Cementation Techniques to Minimize Cement Excess in Cement\u2010Retained Implant Restorations","volume":"5","author":"Reda R.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Methods and Protocols"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.24\u20100510"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","first-page":"211","article-title":"Peri\u2010Implant Disease Caused by Residual Cement Around Implant\u2010Supported Restorations: A Clinical Report","volume":"35","author":"Scarano A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040296"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.13684","article-title":"Prevalence and Risk\/Protective Indicators of Peri\u2010Implant Diseases: A University\u2010Representative Cross\u2010Sectional Study","volume":"32","author":"Romandini M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical Oral Implants Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-024-05673-8","article-title":"Peri\u2010Implantitis in Patients Without Regular Supportive Therapy: Prevalence and Risk Indicators","volume":"28","author":"Ruiz\u2010Romero V.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clinical Oral Investigations"},{"issue":"19","key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191912667","article-title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Peri\u2010Implant Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study","volume":"19","author":"Zhao R.","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"17","key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12175547","article-title":"Prevalence of Peri\u2010Implant Disease in Patients With Stage III or IV Periodontitis: Results of a Long\u2010Term Follow\u2010Up From a Specialized Periodontal Practice","volume":"12","author":"Jerv\u00f8e\u2010Storm P. M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_14_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-775720140055","article-title":"Does the Number of Implants Have Any Relation With Peri\u2010Implant Disease?","volume":"22","author":"Passoni B. B.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Oral Science: Revista FOB"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_14_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.13167","article-title":"Physiopathology of Peri\u2010Implant Diseases","volume":"25","author":"Salvi G. E.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_14_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12061137","article-title":"Microbiota of Peri\u2010Implant Healthy Tissues, Peri\u2010Implant Mucositis, and Peri\u2010Implantitis: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"12","author":"Di Spirito F.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_14_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-024-7402-z","article-title":"Peri\u2010Implant Mucositis and Peri\u2010Implantitis: Key Features and Differences","volume":"236","author":"Heitz\u2010Mayfield L. J. A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"British Dental Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_14_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1981.tb02039.x","article-title":"The Significance of Maintenance Care in the Treatment of Periodontal Disease","volume":"8","author":"Axelsson P.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_14_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12535","article-title":"Peri\u2010Implantitis \u2010 Onset and Pattern of Progression","volume":"43","author":"Derks J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"}],"container-title":["Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cid.70187","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cid.70187","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cid.70187","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T04:17:08Z","timestamp":1792037828000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cid.70187"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cid.70187"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cid.70187","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1523-0899","1708-8208"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1523-0899","type":"print"},{"value":"1708-8208","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-07-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70187"}}