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A plethora of molecular phylogenetic studies on many taxonomic groups have come about, converging on, or refuting prevailing morphology or legacy\u2010marker\u2010based hypotheses about evolutionary affinities. Spider systematics has been no exception to this transformation and the inter\u2010relationships of several groups have now been studied using genomic data. About 51\u2009500 extant spider species have been described, all with a conservative body plan, but innumerable morphological and behavioural peculiarities. Inferring the spider tree of life using morphological data has been a challenging task. Molecular data have corroborated many hypotheses of higher\u2010level relationships, but also resulted in new groups that refute previous hypotheses. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the reconstruction of the spider tree of life and highlight areas where additional effort is needed with potential solutions. We base this review on the most comprehensive spider phylogeny to date, representing 131 of the 132 spider families. To achieve this sampling, we combined six Sanger\u2010based markers with newly generated and publicly available genome\u2010scale datasets. We find that some inferred relationships between major lineages of spiders (such as Austrochiloidea, Palpimanoidea and Synspermiata) are robust across different classes of data. However, several new hypotheses have emerged with different classes of molecular data. We identify and discuss the robust and controversial hypotheses and compile this blueprint to design future studies targeting systematic revisions of these problematic groups. We offer an evolutionary framework to explore comparative questions such as evolution of venoms, silk, webs, morphological traits and reproductive strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cla.12557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T08:29:54Z","timestamp":1696408194000},"page":"479-532","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Advances in the reconstruction of the spider tree of life: A roadmap for spider systematics and comparative studies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Siddharth","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University  2029 G St. NW Washington DC 20052 USA"},{"name":"Department of Entomology National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution  1000 Constitution Avenue NW Washington DC 20560 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah M.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution  1000 Constitution Avenue NW Washington DC 20560 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Hormiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University  2029 G St. NW Washington DC 20052 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.2004.00120.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2006.tb01869.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"58","volume-title":"Spider Research in the 21st Century: Trends and Perspectives","author":"Agnarsson I.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1051850102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13156\/arac.2017.17.4.169"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.2011.00692.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1206\/0003-0090.438.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5245.70"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abo6043"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cla.12437"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1055-7903(03)00261-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-0031.2009.00249.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cla.12226"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2021.107327"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3852"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3897\/evolsyst.1.15735"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/IS21029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaa228"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1636\/JoA-S-20-034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1636\/JoA-S-17-058.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/IS19032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cla.12174"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.3080.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-0031.2008.00202.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Shifts in morphology, gene expression, and selection underlie web loss in Hawaiian Tetragnatha spiders","volume":"21","author":"Berger C.A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Ecol. 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