{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T20:39:22Z","timestamp":1790023162204,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,27]],"date-time":"2012-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1353974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Oral Implants Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>Piezoelectric surgery (PS<\/jats:styled-content>) is meant to be a gentle osteotomy method. The aim of this study was to compare piezosurgical vs. conventional drilling methods for implant site preparation (ISP<\/jats:styled-content>) \u2013 focusing on load\u2010dependent thermal effect on hard tissue and the expenditure of ISP<\/jats:styled-content> time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>Three hundred and sixty ISP<\/jats:styled-content> were performed on ex vivo<\/jats:italic> pig heads using piezosurgery, spiral burs (SB<\/jats:styled-content>) and trephine burs (TB<\/jats:styled-content>). The load applied was increased from 0 to 1000\u00a0g in 100\u2010g intervals. Temperature within the bone was measured with a thermocouple, and duration was recorded with a stop watch. Thermal effects were histomorphometrically analysed. Twelve ISP<\/jats:styled-content>s per technique were performed at the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>PS<\/jats:styled-content> yields the highest mean temperatures (48.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.4\u00b0C) and thermal effects (200.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a044.4\u00a0\u03bcm), both at 900\u20131000\u00a0g. Duration is reduced with a plus of load and significantly longer in either case for PS<\/jats:styled-content> (P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a00.05). There is a correlation of the applied load with all other examined factors for PS<\/jats:styled-content> and TB<\/jats:styled-content>. Temperature and histological effects decrease for SB<\/jats:styled-content> beyond 500\u00a0g.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>PS<\/jats:styled-content> yields significantly higher temperatures and thermal tissue alterations on load levels higher than 500\u00a0g and is significantly slower for ISP<\/jats:styled-content> compared to SB<\/jats:styled-content> and TB<\/jats:styled-content>. For ISP<\/jats:styled-content> with PS<\/jats:styled-content>, a maximum load of 400\u00a0g should be maintained.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,27]],"date-time":"2012-11-27T22:33:40Z","timestamp":1354055620000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["The effect of load on heat production, thermal effects and expenditure of time during implant site preparation \u2013 an experimental ex vivo<\/i> comparison between piezosurgery and conventional drilling"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Florian","family":"Stelzle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Erlangen University Hospital Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Frenkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Erlangen University Hospital Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Riemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Erlangen University Hospital Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Knipfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Erlangen University Hospital Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Stockmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Erlangen University Hospital Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emeka","family":"Nkenke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Erlangen University Hospital Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"342","article-title":"Temperature rise during drilling through bone","volume":"12","author":"Abouzgia M.B.","year":"1997","journal-title":"International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Implants"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678108991776"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-4533(01)00016-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2007.01498.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0501.2002.130309.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-5712(95)00072-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","unstructured":"Branemark P. 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