{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T11:46:57Z","timestamp":1785325617883,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,10]],"date-time":"2013-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Oral Implants Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the relationship of tobacco consumption with alveolar crest height (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACH<\/jats:styled-content>) loss and mandibular bone mass estimated by digital panoramic radiography and cone\u2010beam computed tomography (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBCT<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We studied 315 patients (43.2% [<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>136] men and 56.8% [<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>179] women) with mean age of 36.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.3 (range 21\u201330\u00a0years (16.2%), range 31\u201346\u00a0years (83.8%); 9% (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>71) were smokers (&gt;10\u00a0cig.\/day). A mean of 13.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.0 mandibular teeth were present: 37.5% of patients had 6\u201312 teeth and 62.5% 13\u201316 teeth. We analyzed 315 digital panoramic radiographs (2<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>) and calculated the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACH<\/jats:styled-content>, mandibular cortical width, and basal and alveolar bone gray level values. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACH<\/jats:styled-content> and bone density were also measured on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBCT<\/jats:styled-content> (3<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>) in the 110 patients scheduled for implantation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the univariate analysis, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACH<\/jats:styled-content> loss was greater in older patients (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.012) and in those with fewer mandibular teeth (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001) and showed a relationship with tobacco consumption that was close to significant (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.079). In the multivariate analysis, the number of mandibular teeth (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001) and tobacco consumption (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.048) were significantly associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACH<\/jats:styled-content>. Alveolar and basal bone densities were associated, respectively, with number of mandibular teeth (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.012) and cortical width (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.030).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a Caucasian population aged 21\u201346\u00a0years, tobacco consumption was significantly associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACH<\/jats:styled-content> loss. However, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACH<\/jats:styled-content> loss showed no significant relationship with mandibular bone mass estimated either as mandibular cortical width index or bone density on digital panoramic radiographs or as bone density on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBCT<\/jats:styled-content>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACH<\/jats:styled-content> loss was a local event independent of mandibular bone mass status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,11]],"date-time":"2013-06-11T02:33:45Z","timestamp":1370918025000},"page":"1034-1040","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Tobacco consumption induces alveolar crest height loss independently of mandibular bone mass and bone density"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Francisco","family":"Mesa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics School of Dentistry University of Granada Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nizar","family":"Souki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontics and Dental Implants Private Practice Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Galindo\u2010Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery School of Dentistry University of Granada Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Velasco\u2010Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice Radiodiagnostic Center Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"O'Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology School of Medicine and Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER) University of Granada Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dentistry and Epidemiology School of Dentistry University of Granada Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1992.tb00654.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2011.01771.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(91)90314-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2004.00475.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(82)90473-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioural Sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910808700114"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2000.71.5.683"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-69-827-1019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345010800090901"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","unstructured":"INE.Encuesta europea de salud en Espa\u00f1a. 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