{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T02:39:15Z","timestamp":1790303955357,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,19]],"date-time":"2013-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1371600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Oral Implants Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Implant surface properties have long been identified as an important factor to promote osseointegration. The importance of nanostructures and hydrophilicity has recently been discussed. The aim of this study was to investigate how nanostructures and wettability influence osseointegration and to identify whether the wettability, the nanostructure or both in combination play the key role in improved osseointegration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010six adult rabbits each received two <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>i grade 4 discs in each tibia. Four different types of surface modifications with different wettability and nanostructures were prepared: hydrophobic without nanostructures (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLA<\/jats:styled-content>), with nanostructures (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLA<\/jats:styled-content>nano); hydrophilic with two different nanostructure densities (low density: pmod<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLA<\/jats:styled-content>, high density: <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLA<\/jats:styled-content>ctive). All four groups were intended to have similar chemistry and microroughness. The surfaces were evaluated with contact angle measurements, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">X<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and interferometry. After 4 and 8\u00a0weeks healing time, pull\u2010out tests were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLA<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLA<\/jats:styled-content>nano were hydrophobic, whereas <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLA<\/jats:styled-content>ctive and pmod<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLA<\/jats:styled-content> were super\u2010hydrophilic. No nanostructures were present on the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLA<\/jats:styled-content> surface, but the three other surface modifications clearly showed the presence of nanostructures, although more sparsely distributed on pmod<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLA<\/jats:styled-content>. The hydrophobic samples showed higher carbon contamination levels compared with the hydrophilic samples. After 4\u00a0weeks healing time, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLA<\/jats:styled-content>ctive implants showed the highest pull\u2010out values, with significantly higher pull\u2010out force than <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLA<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLA<\/jats:styled-content>nano. After 8\u00a0weeks, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLA<\/jats:styled-content>ctive implants had the highest pull\u2010out force, significantly higher than <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLA<\/jats:styled-content>nano and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The strongest bone response was achieved with a combination of wettability and the presence of nanostructures (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLA<\/jats:styled-content>ctive).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,19]],"date-time":"2013-06-19T12:01:17Z","timestamp":1371643277000},"page":"1041-1050","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":143,"title":["Nanostructures and hydrophilicity influence osseointegration: a biomechanical study in the rabbit tibia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Ann","family":"Wennerberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics Faculty of Odontology Malm\u00f6 University Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Jimbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics Faculty of Odontology Malm\u00f6 University Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"St\u00fcbinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Obrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department Institut Straumann AG Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Dard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department Institut Straumann AG Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry New York University New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Berner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department Institut Straumann AG Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2010.01990.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2007.01473.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"Brunner E. 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