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The objectives of this study were to develop a tooth extraction socket model in sheep for bone graft research and to compare ECWN and bovine\u2010derived xenograft (BX) in this model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixteen cross\u2010bred female sheep were used. Bilateral mandibular premolars were extracted atraumatically. Second and third premolar sockets were filled (Latin\u2010square allocation) with BX, ECWN or left unfilled. Resorbable collagen membranes were placed over BX and selected ECWN grafted sockets. Eight sheep per time period were sacrificed after 8 and 16\u00a0weeks. Resin\u2010embedded undemineralised sections were analysed for descriptive histology and histomorphometric analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At 8\u00a0weeks, there were with no distinct differences in healing among the different sites. At 16\u00a0weeks, osseous healing followed a fine trabecular pattern in ECWN sites. Non\u2010grafted sites showed thick trabeculae separated by large areas of fibrovascular connective tissue. In BX grafted sites, xenograft particles were surrounded by newly formed bone or fibrovascular connective tissue. There were no statistically significant differences in bone formation across the four groups. However, ECWN sites had significantly less residual graft material than BX sites at 16\u00a0weeks (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.048).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This first description of a tooth extraction socket model in sheep supports the utility of this model for bone graft research. The results of this study suggested that the novel material ECWN did not impede bone ingrowth into sockets and showed evidence of material resorption.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,22]],"date-time":"2015-09-22T06:18:06Z","timestamp":1442902686000},"page":"762-770","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Novel bone substitute material in alveolar bone healing following tooth extraction: an experimental study in sheep"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Jinyi","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Periodontal Practice Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick R.","family":"Schmidlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology University of Z\u00fcrich Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Philipp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology University of Z\u00fcrich Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Hild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Tawse\u2010Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Sciences University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Warwick","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Sciences University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.48.139"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(69)90357-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Animal Models in Orthopaedic Research","author":"An Y.H.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2009.01854.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"123","article-title":"The influence of Bio\u2010Oss collagen on healing of an extraction socket: an experimental study in the dog","volume":"28","author":"Ara\u00fajo M.","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2009.01705.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2010.01937.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2000.71.6.1015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","volume-title":"Expression of RANKl, RANK and OPG in Surgically Created Periodontal Defects in a Sheep Model: A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Clinical Dentistry at the University of Otago","author":"Baharuddin N.A.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12196"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2011.110205"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-013-0482-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.2003.00366.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1997.tb01378.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8208.2009.00184.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1982.tb00172.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","volume-title":"Sheep Mandibular Animal Models for Dental Implantology Research Oral Rehabilitation, Dental School, 2 v. 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