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The primary aim of this study was to compare the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMT<\/jats:styled-content> measured by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBCT<\/jats:styled-content> to the gold standard histological assessment. The correlations between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMT<\/jats:styled-content> and anatomical structures of the maxillary sinus and alveolar bone were also tested.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fourteen fresh cadaver heads were used for the study, and 28 sinus lift augmentation procedures were performed to obtain the membrane samples. Samples were fixed in formalin and stained with hematoxylin\u2013eosine and Masson trichrome. Specimens were measured by optic microscope at three points, and a mean was obtained. Anatomical landmarks were used to accurately position the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBCT<\/jats:styled-content> slice, so the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMT<\/jats:styled-content> could be measured in predetermined locations. Wilcoxon signed\u2010rank test was used to compare values of histological and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBCT<\/jats:styled-content> measurements, and Spearman's correlation coefficient was calculated to examine the relationship between thickness and anatomical parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 597 histological measurements were performed, and the mean <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMT<\/jats:styled-content> thickness was 0.30\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.17\u00a0mm. The mean <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBCT<\/jats:styled-content> membrane thickness was 0.79\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.52\u00a0mm. A statistically significant difference from histological and radiological readings was observed (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.000). Interestingly, 87.77% histological measurements had membrane less than 0.5\u00a0mm in thickness compared to 26.66% in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBCT<\/jats:styled-content> assessment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Within the limitation of this study, the median histological Schneiderian membrane thickness was 0.30\u00a0mm. Cone\u2010beam computed tomography assessment was 2.6 times higher than the histological examination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,3]],"date-time":"2016-05-03T12:27:49Z","timestamp":1462278469000},"page":"654-661","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Accuracy of Schneiderian membrane thickness: a cone\u2010beam computed tomography analysis with histological validation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Angel","family":"Insua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine School of Dentistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Monje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine School of Dentistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsun\u2010Liang","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine School of Dentistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nouf","family":"Zimmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine School of Dentistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lujain","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine School of Dentistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hom\u2010Lay","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine School of Dentistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.2012.76.11.tb05404.x","article-title":"Cone beam computed tomography in dentistry: what dental educators and learners should know","volume":"76","author":"Adibi S.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Education"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"1128","article-title":"Correlation between gingival phenotype and Schneiderian membrane thickness","volume":"23","author":"Aimetti M.","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Implants"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2012.02520.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2005.10.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.3657"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2007.01498.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/ijom.2002.0459"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0501.2000.011003256.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2008.01573.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2010.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2011.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20140204"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8208.2011.00336.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ID.0b013e3181e59ebd"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12055"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ID.0b013e3182341f79"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcma.2012.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"1019","article-title":"A 12\u2010year retrospective analytic study of the implant survival rate in 177 consecutive maxillary sinus augmentation procedures","volume":"25","author":"Cho\u2010Lee G.Y.","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Implants"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Is the Schneiderian membrane thickness affected by periodontal disease? 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