{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T12:11:43Z","timestamp":1791807103388,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Oral Implants Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the fracture strength and potential phase transformation of an injection\u2010molded two\u2010piece zirconia implant restored with a zirconia abutment after loading and\/or aging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010two two\u2010piece zirconia implants (4.0\u2009mm diameter) restored with zirconia abutments were embedded according to ISO 14801 and divided into four groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a08\/group): Three groups were either exclusively hydrothermally treated (group HT; 85\u00b0C), dynamically loaded (group DL; 10<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>\u2009cycles; 98\u2009N), or subjected to both treatments simultaneously (group DL\/HT). One group remained untreated (group 0). A sample from each group was cross\u2010sectioned and examined by scanning electron microscopy for possible crystal phase transformation. The remaining samples were then loaded to fracture in a static loading test. A one\u2010way ANOVA was used for statistical analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During dynamic loading, three implants of group DL and six implants of group DL\/HT fractured at a load of 98\u2009N. The fracture strength of group DL\/HT (108\u00a0\u00b1\u2009141\u2009Ncm) was significantly reduced compared to the other groups (group 0: 342\u00a0\u00b1\u200936\u2009Ncm; HT: 363\u2009\u00b1\u200949\u2009Ncm; DL: 264\u2009\u00b1\u2009198\u2009Ncm) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Fractures from group 0 and HT occurred at both implant and abutment level, whereas implants from group DL and DL\/HT fractured only at implant level. A shallow monoclinic transformation zone of approximately 2\u00a0\u03bcm was observed following hydrothermal treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that dynamic loading and the combination of loading and aging reduced the fracture strength of the implant abutment combination. Hydrothermal treatment caused a shallow transformation zone which had no influence on the fracture strength.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.14022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T09:32:28Z","timestamp":1669714348000},"page":"105-115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Influence of loading and aging on the fracture strength of an injection\u2010molded two\u2010piece zirconia implant restored with a zirconia abutment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7095-4190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralf\u2010Joachim","family":"Kohal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"von Schierholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Nold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedikt C.","family":"Spies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Adolfsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE AB  M\u00f6lndal Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9278-2203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirstin","family":"Vach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg, Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0011-4134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Burkhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201702512"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100501.2009.01785.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.13581"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13030562"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. 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