{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T22:24:43Z","timestamp":1790893483649,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Oral Implants Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multiple generations of medical robots have revolutionized surgery. Their application to dental implants is still in its infancy. Co\u2010operating robots (cobots) have great potential to improve the accuracy of implant placement, overcoming the limitations of static and dynamic navigation. This study reports the accuracy of robot\u2010assisted dental implant placement in a preclinical model and further applies the robotic system in a clinical case series.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In model analyses, the use of a lock\u2010on structure at robot arm\u2010handpiece was tested in resin arch models. In a clinical case series, patients with single missing teeth or edentulous arch were included. Robot\u2010assisted implant placement was performed. Surgery time was recorded. Implant platform deviation, apex deviation, and angular deviation were measured. Factors influencing implant accuracy were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The in vitro results showed that with a lock\u2010on structure, the mean (SD) of platform deviation, apex deviation, and angular deviation were 0.37 (0.14) mm, 0.44 (0.17) mm, and 0.75 (0.29)\u00b0, respectively. Twenty\u2010one patients (28 implants) were included in the clinical case series, 2 with arches and 19 with single missing teeth. The median surgery time for single missing teeth was 23 (IQ range 20\u201325)\u2009min. The surgery time for the two edentulous arches was 47 and 70\u2009min. The mean (SD) of platform deviation, apex deviation, and angular deviation was 0.54 (0.17) mm, 0.54 (0.11) mm, and 0.79 (0.22)\u00b0 for single missing teeth and for 0.53 (0.17) mm, 0.58 (0.17) mm, and 0.77 (0.26)\u00b0 for an edentulous arch. Implants placed in the mandible had significantly larger apex deviation than those in the maxilla.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cobot\u2010assisted dental implant placement showed excellent positional accuracy and safety in both the in vitro study and the clinical case series. More technological development and clinical research are needed to support the introduction of robotic surgery in oral implantology. Trial registered in ChiCTR2100050885.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.14112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T05:47:31Z","timestamp":1686635251000},"page":"839-849","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Accuracy and safety of a haptic operated and machine vision controlled collaborative robot for dental implant placement: A\u00a0translational study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Shi\u2010Chong","family":"Qiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai PerioImplant Innovation Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"College of Stomatology Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"National Center for Stomatology  Shanghai China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research 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