{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T18:02:41Z","timestamp":1788544961191,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Oral Implants Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To analyze the influence of titanium\u2010base (straight [SSC]\/angulated\u2010screw\u2010channel [ASC]) on failure\u2010loads and bending\u2010moments of two\u2010piece ceramic and titanium\u2013zirconium implants restored with monolithic\u2010zirconia crowns after fatigue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010two anterior monolithic\u2010screw\u2010retained zirconia crowns were divided into four groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098\/group) according to the factors: (1) type of implant material: two\u2010piece titanium\u2013zirconium implant (Ti\u2013Zr; control\u2010group) versus two\u2010piece ceramic implant (CI; test\u2010group) and (2) type of titanium\u2010base: SSC (0\u00b0 angle) versus ASC (25\u00b0). An intact implant was used for field emission gun\u2010scanning electronic microscopy (FEG\u2010SEM) characterization and Raman spectroscopy for phase analyses and residual stress quantification. All samples were exposed to fatigue with thermodynamic loading (1.2\u2010million\u2010cycles, 49\u2009N, 1.6\u2009Hz, 5\u201355\u00b0C) at a 30\u00b0 angle. Surviving specimens were loaded until failure (SLF) and bending moments were recorded. Failed samples were examined using light microscope and SEM. Statistical analyses included ANOVA and Mann\u2013Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\u2010test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Raman\u2010spectroscopy revealed the presence of residual compressive stresses. FEG\u2010SEM revealed a roughened surface between threads and polished surface at the cervical\u2010collar of the ceramic implant. All samples survived fatigue and were free of complications. Mean bending\u2010moments (\u00b1SD) were: Ti\u2010Zr\u20100: 241\u2009\u00b1\u200945\u2009N\u2009cm, Ti\u2010Zr\u201025: 303\u2009\u00b1\u200986\u2009N\u2009cm, CI\u20100: 326\u2009\u00b1\u200958\u2009N\u2009cm, CI\u201025: 434\u2009\u00b1\u200971\u2009N\u2009cm. Titanium\u2010base and implant\u2010material had significant effects in favor of ASC titanium bases (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.001) and ceramic\u2010implants (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Failure analysis after SLF revealed severe fractures in ceramic implants, whereas titanium implants were restricted to plastic deformation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ceramic and titanium implants exhibited high reliability after fatigue, with no failures. From a mechanical perspective, titanium bases with ASC can be recommended for both ceramic and titanium implants and are safe for clinical application.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.14157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T09:17:44Z","timestamp":1691745464000},"page":"1217-1229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Influence of straight versus angulated screw channel titanium bases on failure loads of two\u2010piece ceramic and titanium implants restored with screw\u2010retained monolithic crowns: An in\u2010vitro study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Helal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf Heinrich\u2010Heine\u2010University D\u00fcsseldorf  D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4837-2546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P. 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