{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T21:40:28Z","timestamp":1792446028191,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100030982","name":"Straumann Group","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["527\u20102023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["527\u20102023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100030982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Oral Implants Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Aim<\/jats:title>\n To investigate longitudinal changes in the submucosal peri\u2010implant microbiome during early healing and long\u2010term maturation, and their association with clinical and radiographic outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n This is the 3\u2010year follow\u2010up of a subset of individuals from a randomized controlled clinical trial. Marginal bone level changes (MBL) were measured at implant placement, loading, 12\u2009months, and 3\u2009years; clinical parameters were recorded at 12\u2009months and 3\u2009years. Submucosal plaque samples were collected at 1\u2009week, 4\u2009weeks, and 3\u2009years post\u2010implantation and analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Microbial diversity, composition, and co\u2010occurrence networks were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Twenty\u2010seven patients (64 implants) completed the 3\u2010year visit. At 3\u2009years, peri\u2010implant clinical conditions and MBL remained stable across visits, although early supracrestal remodeling was observed. The incidence of peri\u2010implant mucositis was 14.8% and peri\u2010implantitis 11.1% at patient\u2010level. Microbiome richness and phylogenetic diversity increased over time (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.0001). Early biofilms were dominated by facultative anaerobes (e.g.,\n \n Haemophilus parainfluenzae<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n \n Neisseria elongata<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ), which declined at 3\u2009years, when anaerobic\/proteolytic taxa (e.g.,\n Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n \n Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n \n Fusobacterium nucleatum<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ) became more prominent. Presence\/absence analyses at 3\u2009years showed persistence of early colonizers alongside the integration of later\u2010arriving species.\n \n Lactococcus lactis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n \n Enterococcus italicus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n increased in abundance and occupied more central positions in co\u2010occurrence networks.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Over 3\u2009years, the peri\u2010implant microbiome matured into a more diverse and structured community, while MBL remained stable with physiological early supracrestal remodeling. These longitudinal findings suggest that early colonization and its subsequent evolution may influence long\u2010term peri\u2010implant health.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.70101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T10:38:18Z","timestamp":1770806298000},"page":"558-574","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Longitudinal Changes in the Peri\u2010Implant Microbiome Following Implant Placement: A 3\u2010Year Follow\u2010Up Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8074-8661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blanca","family":"V\u00edlchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Clinic of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University Complutense Madrid 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Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0206-4756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Mar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri\u2010Implant Diseases) Research Group, School of Dentistry, University Complutense of Madrid Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9841-9405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marion","family":"Arce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri\u2010Implant Diseases) Research Group, School of Dentistry, University Complutense of Madrid Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry University of Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5844-1341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Purnima S.","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6293-5755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariano","family":"Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Clinic of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University Complutense Madrid Spain"},{"name":"ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri\u2010Implant Diseases) Research Group, School of Dentistry, University Complutense of Madrid Madrid 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