{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T14:42:31Z","timestamp":1791816151526,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Oral Implants Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review aimed to investigate the effect of tobacco smoking and smoke\u2010free products as risk factors for dental implants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Three databases were searched to identify studies reporting on the risk of implant failure\/survival in tobacco smokers or smoke\u2010free users as compared to non\u2010smokers in studies with \u2265\u20091\u2009year of follow\u2010up post\u2010implant loading. Data on biological complications and radiographic peri\u2010implant crestal bone loss (CBL) were also collected. Meta\u2010analyses computed the Odds Ratio (OR) of implant survival with its confidence interval by applying the DerSimonian and Laird's random effect method, with\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      set at &lt;\u20090.01.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty\u2010five articles reporting on 44 studies were included, 41 of which reported on the effect of cigarette smoking, with a follow\u2010up from 1 to up to 17 years. Overall, a significantly reduced implant survival both at implant and patient level was indicated in cigarette smokers (OR\u2009=\u20090.40, 95% CI 0.27; 0.61,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001 and OR\u2009=\u20090.43, 95% CI 0.20; 0.90,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02, respectively). An increased CBL of 0.64\u2009mm (95% CI 0.29; 0.99,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) was also suggested in cigarette smokers, and the majority of studies reported a higher incidence of peri\u2010implantitis. Insufficient data are available for smoke\u2010free users.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although tobacco smoking is not considered an absolute contraindication for implant therapy, evidence indicates that it has a detrimental effect on peri\u2010implant tissues, leading to an increased risk of implant failure and crestal bone loss. Individual behavioural counselling for smoking cessation should always be integrated in the treatment plan of patients receiving implant\u2010supported rehabilitations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PROSPERO number: CRD42024628116<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.70108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T08:23:46Z","timestamp":1772958226000},"page":"262-286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Tobacco Smoking and Smoke\u2010Free Products as Risk Factors for Dental Implants: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8781-1997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Calciolari","family":"Elena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty and Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London  London UK"},{"name":"Dental School, Department of Medicine and Surgery Universit\u00e0 di Parma  Parma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corbella","family":"Stefano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano  Milano Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dourou","family":"Marina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty and Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ercal","family":"Pinar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty and Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4117-9073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donos","family":"Nikolaos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty and Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12564"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.14047"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jicd.12403"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2016.160427"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12746"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3290\/j.ohpd.b2082123"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100501.2012.02557.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1563\/aaid\u2010joi\u2010D\u201017\u201000313"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12893"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10266\u2010021\u201000623\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100501.2008.01534.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3290\/j.cjdr.a43737"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.13351"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12449"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1563\/AAID\u2010JOI\u2010D\u201012\u201000178"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13142341"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntz132"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017\u20101832"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Systemic Conditions and Treatments as Risks for Implant Therapy","volume":"24","author":"Bornstein M. 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