{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:56:41Z","timestamp":1790834201112,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Oral Implants Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the accuracy of augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR)\u2010assisted technologies for pterygoid implant trajectory guidance under anatomically challenging posterior maxillary conditions in the in\u00a0vitro experimental model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cone beam computed tomography datasets from eight patients were used to reconstruct three\u2010dimensional (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">3D<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) models of the pterygoid\u2010maxillary complex. Virtual implant placement was performed in planning software, and the corresponding standard tessellation language (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) files were exported as the preoperative reference. For each patient, four resin models were fabricated and randomly assigned within the patient to the four implant placement techniques (free hand [\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FH<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ]; static guide [\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ];\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ;\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), resulting in 32 models in total. A surgeon placed 36 implants in all models according to group designs. Following implant placement, each model was digitized, and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      datasets were generated. These were superimposed with the preoperative reference\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">3D<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      analysis software, allowing calculation of angular and linear deviation. One\u2010way repeated measures\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ANOVA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      was applied to compare deviations among groups, with significance set at\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The SG group demonstrated the highest accuracy (coronal deviation 0.86\u2009\u00b1\u20090.73\u2009mm; apical deviation 1.26\u2009\u00b1\u20090.60\u2009mm; angular deviation 3.77\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.84\u00b0). In contrast, the FH, AR, and MR groups exhibited greater deviations in all parameters, with the MR group showing the largest errors\u2014particularly in apical deviation (3.81\u2009\u00b1\u20091.47\u2009mm) and angular deviation (12.37\u2009\u00b1\u20095.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Within the limitations of the in\u00a0vitro model, the AR and MR\u2010assisted technologies tested in this study demonstrated limited accuracy for pterygoid implant placement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.70173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T04:57:20Z","timestamp":1788929840000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Accuracy of Pterygoid Implant Placement With Augmented\u00a0and Mixed Reality Navigation: An In\u00a0Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2556-4457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology &amp; 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Craniomandibular Disorders Charit\u00e9\u2010Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin &amp; Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8872-2117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shenghui","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science &amp; Engineering Central South University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4550-8217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology &amp; Department of Digital Center of Stomatology, Department of Oral &amp; Maxillofacial Surgery The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Kunming Medical University  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7194-8294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhen","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry &amp; 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