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Actin exists under monomeric and polymerized filamentous form and its polymerization following activation of nucleation promoting factors generates pushing forces, required to propel intracellular microorganisms in the host cell cytosol or for the formation of cell extensions that engulf bacteria. Actin filaments can associate with adhesion receptors at the plasma membrane via cytoskeletal linkers. Membrane anchored to actin filaments are then subjected to the retrograde flow that may pull membrane\u2010bound bacteria inside the cell. To induce its internalization by normally non\u2010phagocytic cells, bacteria need to establish adhesive contacts and trick the cell into apply pulling forces, and\/or to generate protrusive forces that deform the membrane surrounding its contact site. In this review, we will focus on recent findings on actin cytoskeleton reorganization within epithelial cells during invasion and cell\u2010to\u2010cell spreading by the enteroinvasive pathogen\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:italic>higella<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the causative agent of bacillary dysentery.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,3]],"date-time":"2014-12-03T14:03:02Z","timestamp":1417615382000},"page":"174-182","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Cytoskeletal mechanics during\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>S<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    <i>higella<\/i>\n                    invasion and dissemination in epithelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Cesar M.","family":"Valencia\u2010Gallardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Equipe Communication Intercellulaire et Infections Microbiennes Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie (CIRB), Coll\u00e8ge de France  Paris France"},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (Inserm) U1050  Paris France"},{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7241  Paris France"},{"name":"MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence and Paris Science Lettre  Paris France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Diderot \u2013 Paris 7  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Carayol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equipe Communication Intercellulaire et Infections Microbiennes Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie (CIRB), Coll\u00e8ge de France  Paris France"},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (Inserm) U1050  Paris France"},{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7241  Paris France"},{"name":"MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence and Paris Science Lettre  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Tran Van Nhieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equipe Communication Intercellulaire et Infections Microbiennes Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie (CIRB), Coll\u00e8ge de France  Paris France"},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (Inserm) U1050  Paris France"},{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7241  Paris France"},{"name":"MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence and Paris Science Lettre  Paris 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