{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T21:22:38Z","timestamp":1789161758860,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":827,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CNS Neurosci Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,27]],"date-time":"2013-05-27T12:44:48Z","timestamp":1369658688000},"page":"556-565","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":161,"title":["Biomarkers for the Clinical Differential Diagnosis in Traumatic Brain Injury-A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Shoji","family":"Yokobori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khadil","family":"Hosein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami; FL; USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Burks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami; FL; USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ishna","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami; FL; USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shyam","family":"Gajavelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami; FL; USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross","family":"Bullock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami; FL; USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0001|cns12127-cit-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-200505000-00003","article-title":"Tracking the silent epidemic and educating the public: CDC's traumatic brain injury-associated activities under the TBI Act of 1996 and the Children's Health Act of 2000","volume":"20","author":"Langlois","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0002|cns12127-cit-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-200505000-00002","article-title":"The public health approach to traumatic brain injury: An overview of CDC's research and programs","volume":"20","author":"Binder","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0003|cns12127-cit-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aco.0000162838.56344.88","article-title":"Neuroprotection in brain and spinal cord trauma","volume":"18","author":"Fu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0004|cns12127-cit-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2008.10.036","article-title":"Multifunctional drugs for head injury","volume":"6","author":"Vink","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0005|cns12127-cit-0005","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"24","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0006|cns12127-cit-0006","first-page":"S16","article-title":"Surgical management of acute subdural hematomas","volume":"58","author":"Bullock","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0007|cns12127-cit-0007","first-page":"S7","article-title":"Surgical management of acute epidural hematomas","volume":"58","author":"Bullock","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0008|cns12127-cit-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S25","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000210365.36914.E3","article-title":"Surgical management of traumatic parenchymal lesions","volume":"58","author":"Bullock","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0009|cns12127-cit-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S47","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000210366.36914.38","article-title":"Surgical management of posterior fossa mass lesions","volume":"58","author":"Bullock","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0010|cns12127-cit-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S56","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000210367.14043.0E","article-title":"Surgical management of depressed cranial fractures","volume":"58","author":"Bullock","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0011|cns12127-cit-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2005.03.015","article-title":"Neurofilament phosphoforms: Surrogate markers for axonal injury, degeneration and loss","volume":"233","author":"Petzold","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0012|cns12127-cit-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199906000-00003","article-title":"Evolution of neurofilament subtype accumulation in axons following diffuse brain injury in the pig","volume":"58","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0013|cns12127-cit-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018588114648","article-title":"Axonal cytoskeletal changes after non-disruptive axonal injury","volume":"26","author":"Jafari","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurocytol"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0014|cns12127-cit-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.09.012","article-title":"Heavy neurofilament accumulation and alpha-spectrin degradation accompany cerebellar white matter functional deficits following forebrain fluid percussion injury","volume":"204","author":"Park","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0015|cns12127-cit-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2010.541895","article-title":"Hyperphosphorylated neurofilament NF-H as a predictor of mortality after brain injury in children","volume":"25","author":"Zurek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0016|cns12127-cit-0016","first-page":"7","article-title":"Immunohistochemistry and serum values of S-100B, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and hyperphosphorylated neurofilaments in brain injuries","volume":"57","author":"Vajtr","year":"2012","journal-title":"Soud Lek"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0017|cns12127-cit-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000242732.06714.0f","article-title":"Initial CSF total tau correlates with 1-year outcome in patients with traumatic brain injury","volume":"67","author":"Ost","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0018|cns12127-cit-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(04)00964-0","article-title":"Biological markers in CSF and blood for axonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis","volume":"4","author":"Teunissen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0019|cns12127-cit-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1998.15.349","article-title":"Disruption of MAP-2 immunostaining in rat hippocampus after traumatic brain injury","volume":"15","author":"Folkerts","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0020|cns12127-cit-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(02)02920-7","article-title":"C-tau biomarker of neuronal damage in severe brain injured patients: Association with elevated intracranial pressure and clinical outcome","volume":"947","author":"Zemlan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0021|cns12127-cit-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e3181849dc9","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid cleaved-tau protein and 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid concentrations in pediatric patients with hydrocephalus","volume":"9","author":"Cengiz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0022|cns12127-cit-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.0720741.x","article-title":"Quantification of axonal damage in traumatic brain injury: Affinity purification and characterization of cerebrospinal fluid tau proteins","volume":"72","author":"Zemlan","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0023|cns12127-cit-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20721","article-title":"A new in vitro model of the glial scar inhibits axon growth","volume":"56","author":"Wanner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0024|cns12127-cit-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2008.12.022","article-title":"Tau proteins in serum predict outcome after severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"160","author":"Liliang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0025|cns12127-cit-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2007.10.029","article-title":"Serum cleaved tau does not predict postconcussion syndrome after mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"26","author":"Ma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0026|cns12127-cit-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2002.121214","article-title":"Serum cleaved tau protein levels and clinical outcome in adult patients with closed head injury","volume":"39","author":"Shaw","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0027|cns12127-cit-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cb.02.110186.002225","article-title":"Microtubule-associated proteins","volume":"2","author":"Olmsted","year":"1986","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0028|cns12127-cit-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(88)90086-0","article-title":"Neurofilament protein phosphorylation-where, when and why","volume":"11","author":"Matus","year":"1988","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0029|cns12127-cit-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1038\/336674a0","article-title":"Selective localization of messenger RNA for cytoskeletal protein MAP2 in dendrites","volume":"336","author":"Garner","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0030|cns12127-cit-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M600157-MCP200","article-title":"Novel differential neuroproteomics analysis of traumatic brain injury in rats","volume":"5","author":"Kobeissy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Cell Proteomics"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0031|cns12127-cit-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1002\/prca.200800011","article-title":"Neuroproteomics and systems biology-based discovery of protein biomarkers for traumatic brain injury and clinical validation","volume":"2","author":"Kobeissy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proteomics Clin Appl"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0032|cns12127-cit-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2012.700083","article-title":"Increased levels of serum MAP-2 at 6-months correlate with improved outcome in survivors of severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"26","author":"Mondello","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0033|cns12127-cit-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.03882.x","article-title":"Extensive degradation of myelin basic protein isoforms by calpain following traumatic brain injury","volume":"98","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0034|cns12127-cit-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.05086.x","article-title":"Proteolysis of multiple myelin basic protein isoforms after neurotrauma: Characterization by mass spectrometry","volume":"104","author":"Ottens","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0035|cns12127-cit-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-012-9767-0","article-title":"Increased CSF Concentrations of Myelin Basic Protein After TBI in Infants and Children: Absence of Significant Effect of Therapeutic Hypothermia","volume":"17","author":"Su","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0036|cns12127-cit-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0711","article-title":"Identification of inflicted traumatic brain injury in well-appearing infants using serum and cerebrospinal markers: A possible screening tool","volume":"117","author":"Berger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0037|cns12127-cit-0037","first-page":"61","article-title":"Serum neuron-specific enolase, S100B, and myelin basic protein concentrations after inflicted and noninflicted traumatic brain injury in children","volume":"103","author":"Berger","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0038|cns12127-cit-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2007.0316","article-title":"Serum biomarker concentrations and outcome after pediatric traumatic brain injury","volume":"24","author":"Berger","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0039|cns12127-cit-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)90415-4","article-title":"Serum-myelin-basic-protein assay in diagnosis and prognosis of patients with head injury","volume":"1","author":"Thomas","year":"1978","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0040|cns12127-cit-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(95)80012-6","article-title":"Diagnostic significance of serum neuron-specific enolase and myelin basic protein assay in patients with acute head injury","volume":"43","author":"Yamazaki","year":"1995","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0041|cns12127-cit-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2008.08.005","article-title":"Diffuse axonal injury: Novel insights into detection and treatment","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0042|cns12127-cit-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2001.103003175.x","article-title":"S-100B and neuron-specific enolase in serum of mild traumatic brain injury patients. A comparison with health controls","volume":"103","author":"Kruijk","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0043|cns12127-cit-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1089\/089771504322778613","article-title":"Selective metabolic reduction in gray matter acutely following human traumatic brain injury","volume":"21","author":"Wu","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0044|cns12127-cit-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2005.tb00940.x","article-title":"Serum neuron-specific enolase as a predictor of short-term outcome in children with closed traumatic brain injury","volume":"12","author":"Bandyopadhyay","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0045|cns12127-cit-0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199902000-00010","article-title":"Experimental axonal injury triggers interleukin-6 mRNA, protein synthesis and release into cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"19","author":"Hans","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0046|cns12127-cit-0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E31","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.2.e31","article-title":"Neuron-specific enolase and S100B in cerebrospinal fluid after severe traumatic brain injury in infants and children","volume":"109","author":"Berger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0047|cns12127-cit-0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2006.23.1201","article-title":"Serum biochemical markers for post-concussion syndrome in patients with mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"23","author":"Begaz","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0048|cns12127-cit-0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2012.694567","article-title":"Multiple indicators model of long-term mortality in traumatic brain injury","volume":"26","author":"Gradisek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0049|cns12127-cit-0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e318246887e","article-title":"Neuron-specific enolase and S100BB as outcome predictors in severe diffuse axonal injury","volume":"72","author":"Chabok","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0050|cns12127-cit-0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-011-1175-2","article-title":"The usefulness of S100B, NSE, GFAP, NF-H, secretagogin and Hsp70 as a predictive biomarker of outcome in children with traumatic brain injury","volume":"154","author":"Zurek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0051|cns12127-cit-0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e318214a81f","article-title":"Neuron-specific enolase, S100B, and glial fibrillary acidic protein levels as outcome predictors in patients with severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"68","author":"Bohmer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0052|cns12127-cit-0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1080\/02688699647104","article-title":"Neuron-specific enolase as an aid to outcome prediction in head injury","volume":"10","author":"Ross","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0053|cns12127-cit-0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2000.17.113","article-title":"Temporal profile of release of neurobiochemical markers of brain damage after traumatic brain injury is associated with intracranial pathology as demonstrated in cranial computerized tomography","volume":"17","author":"Herrmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0054|cns12127-cit-0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-010-9496-1","article-title":"Association of CSF biomarkers and secondary insults following severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"14","author":"Stein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0055|cns12127-cit-0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.5.PEDS08481","article-title":"Diagnostic value of S100B and neuron-specific enolase in mild pediatric traumatic brain injury","volume":"4","author":"Geyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0056|cns12127-cit-0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)01002-0","article-title":"Transgenic mice overexpressing the neurotrophic factor S-100 beta show neuronal cytoskeletal and behavioral signs of altered aging processes: Implications for Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome","volume":"776","author":"Whitaker-Azmitia","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0057|cns12127-cit-0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199909000-00012","article-title":"Serum S-100B protein in severe head injury","volume":"45","author":"Raabe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0058|cns12127-cit-0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2012.2579","article-title":"S100b as a prognostic biomarker in outcome prediction for patients with severe TBI","volume":"30","author":"Goyal","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0059|cns12127-cit-0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2004.21.1553","article-title":"GFAP versus S100B in serum after traumatic brain injury: Relationship to brain damage and outcome","volume":"21","author":"Pelinka","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0060|cns12127-cit-0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1080\/0268869021000030285","article-title":"Discordant temporal patterns of S100beta and cleaved tau protein elevation after head injury: A pilot study","volume":"16","author":"Chatfield","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0061|cns12127-cit-0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1007\/s007010050180","article-title":"Correlation of computed tomography findings and serum brain damage markers following severe head injury","volume":"140","author":"Raabe","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0062|cns12127-cit-0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PCC.0000075323.47797.B8","article-title":"Detection of traumatic brain injury with magnetic resonance imaging and S-100B protein in children, despite normal computed tomography of the brain","volume":"4","author":"Akhtar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0063|cns12127-cit-0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02653.x","article-title":"Serum S100B protein in early management of patients after mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"16","author":"Morochovic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0064|cns12127-cit-0064","first-page":"511","article-title":"Cerebrospinal s100-B: a potential marker for progressive intracranial hemorrhage in patients with severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"13","author":"Kirchhoff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0065|cns12127-cit-0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1097\/01.shk.0000131193.80038.f1","article-title":"Changes in CSF S100B and cytokine concentrations in early-phase severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"22","author":"Hayakata","year":"2004","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0066|cns12127-cit-0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(71)90668-8","article-title":"An acidic protein isolated from fibrous astrocytes","volume":"28","author":"Eng","year":"1971","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0067|cns12127-cit-0566","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2670","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.11.2670","article-title":"Release of glial tissue-specific proteins after acute stroke: A comparative analysis of serum concentrations of protein S-100B and glial fibrillary acidic protein","volume":"31","author":"Herrmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0068|cns12127-cit-0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1159\/000172632","article-title":"Characterisation of the diagnostic window of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein for the differentiation of intracerebral haemorrhage and ischaemic stroke","volume":"27","author":"Dvorak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0069|cns12127-cit-0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/45.1.138","article-title":"Measurement of glial fibrillary acidic protein in human blood: Analytical method and preliminary clinical results","volume":"45","author":"Missler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0070|cns12127-cit-0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000120550.00643.DC","article-title":"Glial and neuronal proteins in serum predict outcome after severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"62","author":"Vos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0071|cns12127-cit-0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000108998.48026.C3","article-title":"Glial fibrillary acidic protein in serum after traumatic brain injury and multiple trauma","volume":"57","author":"Pelinka","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0072|cns12127-cit-0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2011.2127","article-title":"Brain injury biomarkers may improve the predictive power of the IMPACT outcome calculator","volume":"29","author":"Czeiter","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0073|cns12127-cit-0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2005.09.007","article-title":"Increased serum-GFAP in patients with severe traumatic brain injury is related to outcome","volume":"240","author":"Nylen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0074|cns12127-cit-0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R156","DOI":"10.1186\/cc10286","article-title":"Neuronal and glial markers are differently associated with computed tomography findings and outcome in patients with severe traumatic brain injury: A case control study","volume":"15","author":"Mondello","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0075|cns12127-cit-0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(81)90032-0","article-title":"The demonstration of new human brain-specific proteins by high-resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis","volume":"49","author":"Jackson","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0076|cns12127-cit-0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181b788ab","article-title":"Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase is a novel biomarker in humans for severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"38","author":"Papa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0077|cns12127-cit-0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4691","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.20.13.4691-4698.2000","article-title":"Evidence for an interaction between ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and the 26S proteasome","volume":"20","author":"Tongaonkar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0078|cns12127-cit-0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199902050-00040","article-title":"Low frequency of pathogenic mutations in the ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase gene in familial Parkinson's disease","volume":"10","author":"Lincoln","year":"1999","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0079|cns12127-cit-0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.2174\/1568007043337436","article-title":"Programmed axon death, synaptic dysfunction and the ubiquitin proteasome system","volume":"3","author":"Coleman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0080|cns12127-cit-0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.10806","article-title":"Proteasome inhibition arrests neurite outgrowth and causes \u201cdying-back\u201d degeneration in primary culture","volume":"74","author":"Laser","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0081|cns12127-cit-0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200009000-00003","article-title":"Involvement of caspase-3 in cell death after hypoxia-ischemia declines during brain maturation","volume":"20","author":"Hu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0082|cns12127-cit-0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200010000-00008","article-title":"Oxidative stress-associated impairment of proteasome activity during ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"20","author":"Keller","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0083|cns12127-cit-0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3182491e3d","article-title":"Serum levels of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase distinguish mild traumatic brain injury from trauma controls and are elevated in mild and moderate traumatic brain injury patients with intracranial lesions and neurosurgical intervention","volume":"72","author":"Papa","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0084|cns12127-cit-0583","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2010.1564","article-title":"Biokinetic analysis of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1) in severe traumatic brain injury patient biofluids","volume":"28","author":"Brophy","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0085|cns12127-cit-0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2011.1989","article-title":"Serum concentrations of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 and alphaII-spectrin breakdown product 145\u00a0kDa correlate with outcome after pediatric TBI","volume":"29","author":"Berger","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0086|cns12127-cit-0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e318236a809","article-title":"Clinical utility of serum levels of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase as a biomarker for severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"70","author":"Mondello","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0087|cns12127-cit-0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2011.2092","article-title":"Glial neuronal ratio: A novel index for differentiating injury type in patients with severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"29","author":"Mondello","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0088|cns12127-cit-0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199904000-00007","article-title":"The role of calpain-mediated spectrin proteolysis in traumatically induced axonal injury","volume":"58","author":"Buki","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0089|cns12127-cit-0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2010.00412.x","article-title":"Proteolysis of submembrane cytoskeletal proteins ankyrin-G and alphaII-spectrin following diffuse brain injury: A role in white matter vulnerability at Nodes of Ranvier","volume":"20","author":"Reeves","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0090|cns12127-cit-0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22490","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.35.22490","article-title":"Simultaneous degradation of alphaII- and betaII-spectrin by caspase 3 (CPP32) in apoptotic cells","volume":"273","author":"Wang","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0091|cns12127-cit-0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2008.0671","article-title":"Dicyclomine, an M1 muscarinic antagonist, reduces biomarker levels, but not neuronal degeneration, in fluid percussion brain injury","volume":"25","author":"Cox","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0092|cns12127-cit-0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00510.x","article-title":"Accumulation of non-erythroid alpha II-spectrin and calpain-cleaved alpha II-spectrin breakdown products in cerebrospinal fluid after traumatic brain injury in rats","volume":"78","author":"Pike","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0093|cns12127-cit-0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2004.21.1443","article-title":"A novel marker for traumatic brain injury: CSF alphaII-spectrin breakdown product levels","volume":"21","author":"Ringger","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0094|cns12127-cit-0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4886(02)00048-1","article-title":"Cytoskeletal protein degradation and neurodegeneration evolves differently in males and females following experimental head injury","volume":"180","author":"Kupina","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0095|cns12127-cit-0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200210000-00009","article-title":"Neuroimmunophilin ligand V-10,367 is neuroprotective after 24-hour delayed administration in a mouse model of diffuse traumatic brain injury","volume":"22","author":"Kupina","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0096|cns12127-cit-0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1089\/089771501317095269","article-title":"The novel calpain inhibitor SJA6017 improves functional outcome after delayed administration in a mouse model of diffuse brain injury","volume":"18","author":"Kupina","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0097|cns12127-cit-0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WCB.0000098520.11962.37","article-title":"Accumulation of calpain and caspase-3 proteolytic fragments of brain-derived alphaII-spectrin in cerebral spinal fluid after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats","volume":"24","author":"Pike","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0098|cns12127-cit-0598","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199808030-00002","article-title":"Regional calpain and caspase-3 proteolysis of alpha-spectrin after traumatic brain injury","volume":"9","author":"Pike","year":"1998","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0099|cns12127-cit-0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2825","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-08-02825.2000","article-title":"Cytochrome c release and caspase activation in traumatic axonal injury","volume":"20","author":"Buki","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0100|cns12127-cit-0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2000.0751264.x","article-title":"Temporal profile and cell subtype distribution of activated caspase-3 following experimental traumatic brain injury","volume":"75","author":"Beer","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0101|cns12127-cit-0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3181996bfe","article-title":"Biochemical, structural, and biomarker evidence for calpain-mediated cytoskeletal change after diffuse brain injury uncomplicated by contusion","volume":"68","author":"McGinn","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0102|cns12127-cit-0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(99)01393-4","article-title":"Neuron-specific enolase increases in plasma during and immediately after extracorporeal circulation","volume":"69","author":"Johnsson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0103|cns12127-cit-0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/01.shk.0000168876.68154.43","article-title":"Nonspecific increase of systemic neuron-specific enolase after trauma: Clinical and experimental findings","volume":"24","author":"Pelinka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0104|cns12127-cit-0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(95)00040-2","article-title":"The S100 protein family: History, function, and expression","volume":"37","author":"Zimmer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0105|cns12127-cit-0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2010.1278","article-title":"alphaII-spectrin breakdown products (SBDPs): Diagnosis and outcome in severe traumatic brain injury patients","volume":"27","author":"Mondello","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0106|cns12127-cit-0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2006.003789","article-title":"Clinical significance of alphaII-spectrin breakdown products in cerebrospinal fluid after severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"24","author":"Pineda","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0107|cns12127-cit-0806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2008.0657","article-title":"alphaII-Spectrin breakdown product cerebrospinal fluid exposure metrics suggest differences in cellular injury mechanisms after severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"26","author":"Brophy","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0108|cns12127-cit-0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2010.1481","article-title":"Human traumatic brain injury alters plasma microRNA levels","volume":"27","author":"Redell","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0109|cns12127-cit-0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2006.0055","article-title":"Neurocognitive outcome and serum biomarkers in inflicted versus non-inflicted traumatic brain injury in young children","volume":"24","author":"Beers","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"Suppl 116","key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0110|cns12127-cit-0109","first-page":"52","article-title":"Creatine kinase and its isozymes","author":"Takagi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rinsho Byori"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0111|cns12127-cit-0110","first-page":"455","article-title":"Creatine phosphokinase-MB (CPK-MB) and the diagnosis of myocardial infarction","volume":"127","author":"Guzy","year":"1977","journal-title":"West J Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0112|cns12127-cit-0106","first-page":"25","article-title":"Detection of alphaII-spectrin and breakdown products in humans after severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"50","author":"Cardali","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Sci"},{"key":"10.1111\/cns.12127-BIB0113|cns12127-cit-0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2011.2149","article-title":"Use of serum biomarkers to predict cerebral hypoxia after severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"29","author":"Stein","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"}],"container-title":["CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcns.12127","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/wol1\/doi\/10.1111\/cns.12127\/fullpdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T23:07:33Z","timestamp":1645571253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cns.12127"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,27]]},"references-count":113,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cns.12127","relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-5930"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-5930","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,27]]}}}