{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T20:08:51Z","timestamp":1792267731111,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,7]],"date-time":"2014-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1389052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CNS Neurosci Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intravenous transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMSC<\/jats:styled-content>s) had been documented to improve functional outcome after ischemic stroke. However, the timing and appropriate cell number of transplantation to achieve better outcome after an episode of stroke remain further to be optimized.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the optimal conditions, we transplanted different concentrations of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMSC<\/jats:styled-content>s at different time points in a rat model of ischemic stroke. Infarction volume and neurological behavioral tests were performed after ischemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found that transplantation of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMSC<\/jats:styled-content>s at 3 and 24\u00a0h, but not 7\u00a0days after focal ischemia, significantly reduced the lesion volume and improved motor deficits. We also found that transplanted cells at 1\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>to 10<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>, but not at 1\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>to 10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>, significantly improved functional outcome after stroke. In addition to inhibiting macrophages\/microglia activation in the ischemic brain,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMSC<\/jats:styled-content>transplantation profoundly reduced infiltration of gamma delta T (<jats:italic>\u03b3\u03b4<\/jats:italic>T) cells, which are detrimental to the ischemic brain, and significantly increased regulatory T cells (Tregs), along with altered Treg\u2010associated cytokines in the ischemic brain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data suggest that timing and cell dose of transplantation determine the therapeutic effects after focal ischemia by modulating poststroke neuroinflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,7]],"date-time":"2014-01-07T06:46:39Z","timestamp":1389077199000},"page":"317-326","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Timing and Dose Regimens of Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Affect the Outcomes and Neuroinflammatory Response After Ischemic Stroke"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Liu\u2010Qing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research First Affiliated Hospital Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen\u2010Zhen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research First Affiliated Hospital Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong\u2010Xia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research First Affiliated Hospital Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou 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