{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T14:41:35Z","timestamp":1788964895582,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,15]],"date-time":"2014-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1389744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CNS Neurosci Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>While neuromodulation through unihemispheric repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (r<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMS<\/jats:styled-content>) has shown promise for the motor recovery of stroke patients, the effectiveness of the coupling of different r<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMS<\/jats:styled-content> protocols remains unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to test the long\u2010term efficacy of this strategy with different applying sequences and to identify the electrophysiological correlates of motor improvements to the paretic hand.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In our sham\u2010controlled, double\u2010blinded parallel study, 48 stroke patients (2\u20136\u00a0months poststroke) were randomly allocated to three groups. Group A underwent 20\u2010session r<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMS<\/jats:styled-content> conditioning initiated with 10\u2010session 1\u00a0Hz r<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMS<\/jats:styled-content> over the contralesional primary motor cortex (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>1), followed by 10\u2010session intermittent theta burst stimulation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iTBS<\/jats:styled-content>) consequently over the ipsilesional <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>1; Group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content> underwent the same two paradigms but in reverse; and Group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content> received sham stimulation that was identical to Group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>. We tested cortical excitability and motor assessments at the baseline, postpriming r<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMS<\/jats:styled-content>, postconsequent r<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMS<\/jats:styled-content>, and at 3\u2010months follow\u2010up. Group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content> manifested greater improvement than Group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>ugl\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>eyer <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ssessment (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FMA<\/jats:styled-content>), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>olf <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>otor <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>unction testing (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WMFT<\/jats:styled-content>) score, and muscle strength (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001\u20130.02) post the priming <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rTMS<\/jats:styled-content>. After the consequent r<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMS<\/jats:styled-content>, Group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content> continued to present a superior outcome than Group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FMA<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.015) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WMFT<\/jats:styled-content> score (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.008) with significant behavior\u2010electrophysiological correlation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Conditioning the contralesional <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>1 prior to ipsilesional i<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TBS<\/jats:styled-content> was found to be optimal for enhancing hand function, and this effect persisted for at least 3\u00a0months. Early modulation within 6\u00a0months poststroke rebalances interhemispheric competition and appears to be a feasible time window for r<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMS<\/jats:styled-content> intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,15]],"date-time":"2014-01-15T11:00:43Z","timestamp":1389783643000},"page":"355-363","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Differential Effect of Conditioning Sequences in Coupling Inhibitory\/Facilitatory Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for PostStroke Motor Recovery"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Chih\u2010Pin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Mackay Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po\u2010Yi","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan China"},{"name":"School of Medicine National Yang\u2010Ming University Taipei Taiwan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsui Fen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan China"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation National Yang\u2010Ming University Taipei Taiwan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuang\u2010Yao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine National Yang\u2010Ming University Taipei Taiwan China"},{"name":"Department of Chest Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chien\u2010Chih","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical 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