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The next frontier in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTA<\/jats:styled-content>is allo\u2010head and body reconstruction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AHBR<\/jats:styled-content>), and just as animal models were key in the development of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTA<\/jats:styled-content>, they will be crucial in establishing the procedures of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AHBR<\/jats:styled-content>for clinical translation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our approach, pioneered in mice, involves retaining the donor brain stem and transplanting the recipient head. Our preliminary data in mice support that this allows for retention of breathing and circulatory function. Critical aspects of the current protocol include avoiding cerebral ischemia through cross\u2010circulation (donor to recipient) and retaining the donor brain stem. Successful clinical translation of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AHBR<\/jats:styled-content>will become a milestone of medical history and potentially could save millions of people.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This experimental study has confirmed a method to avoid cerebral ischemia during the surgery and solved an important part of the problem of how to accomplish long\u2010term survival after transplantation and preservation of the donor brain stem.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,4]],"date-time":"2014-11-04T09:32:33Z","timestamp":1415093553000},"page":"1056-1060","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Allogeneic Head and Body Reconstruction: Mouse Model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Xiao\u2010Ping","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hand and Microsurgical Center the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China"},{"name":"State\u2010Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine\u2010Pharmaceutics Harbin Medical University Harbin China"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics Stritch School of Medicine Loyola University Chicago Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hand and Microsurgical Center the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China"},{"name":"State\u2010Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine\u2010Pharmaceutics Harbin Medical University Harbin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi\u2010Jie","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hand and Microsurgical Center the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China"},{"name":"State\u2010Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine\u2010Pharmaceutics Harbin Medical University Harbin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng\u2010Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hand and Microsurgical Center the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China"},{"name":"State\u2010Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine\u2010Pharmaceutics Harbin Medical University Harbin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ke\u2010Cheng","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hand and Microsurgical Center the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China"},{"name":"State\u2010Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine\u2010Pharmaceutics Harbin Medical University Harbin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zi\u2010Long","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hand and Microsurgical Center the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China"},{"name":"State\u2010Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine\u2010Pharmaceutics Harbin Medical University Harbin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji\u2010Gang","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hand and Microsurgical Center the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China"},{"name":"State\u2010Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine\u2010Pharmaceutics Harbin Medical University Harbin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Luther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics Stritch School of Medicine Loyola University Chicago Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bao\u2010Feng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State\u2010Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine\u2010Pharmaceutics Harbin Medical University Harbin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2752(2000)20:3<143::AID-MICR9>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199810270-00107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)38257-6","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic advantage of intra\u2010arterial cyclosporin A delivery to vascularly isolated rabbit forelimb. 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