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In addition to neuronal alterations, accumulating evidences have revealed the importance of glial system in pathophysiology and phenotype of the illness. Postmortem studies have repeatedly demonstrated the alterations in glial cells and its functions in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>. The activated microglia and inflammatory cytokines are proposed to be the potential biomarkers that may help to predict disease exacerbation in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>. On the other hand, anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content> drugs have been shown to produce profound effects on glial activity, which not only contributes to the therapeutic efficacy, but may also provide a potential target for the drug development of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>. 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