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Numerous studies have investigated the neurobiological mechanism and the control measures of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . This review summarizes the current knowledge about pathogenesis and pathophysiology, prediction, evaluation, and countermeasures of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . The sensory conflict hypothesis is the most widely accepted theory for\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Both the hippocampus and vestibular cortex might play a role in forming internal model. The pathophysiology focuses on the visceral afference, thermoregulation and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010related neuroendocrine. Single\u2010nucleotide polymorphisms (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s) in some genes and epigenetic modulation might contribute to\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    susceptibility and habituation. Questionnaires, heart rate variability (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) and electrogastrogram (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EGG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) are useful for diagnosing and evaluating\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . We also list\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    medications to guide clinical practice. Repeated real motion exposure and combined visual\u2010vestibular interaction training accelerate the progress of habituation. Behavioral and dietary countermeasures, as well as physiotherapy, are also effective in alleviating\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    symptoms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,10]],"date-time":"2015-10-10T05:39:26Z","timestamp":1444455566000},"page":"15-24","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":186,"title":["Motion Sickness: Current Knowledge and Recent Advance"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Li\u2010Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Second Military Medical University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun\u2010Qin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nautical Injury Prevention Faculty of Navy Medicine Second Military Medical University Shanghai 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