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Consequences of pain and disrupted sleep, evidence for the pain\u2010sleep relation, and how aspects of illness, treatment, and pharmacological pain management may contribute to or exacerbate these issues are presented.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>This conceptual review explored the relation between pain and sleep in children diagnosed with chronic medical or developmental conditions. The goal of this review is to expand upon the literature by examining common themes in sleep disturbances associated with painful conditions across multiple pediatric illnesses. Populations reviewed include youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IDD<\/jats:styled-content>), migraines, cystic fibrosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CF<\/jats:styled-content>), sickle cell disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCD<\/jats:styled-content>), cancer, juvenile idiopathic arthritis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JIA<\/jats:styled-content>), juvenile fibromyalgia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JFM<\/jats:styled-content>), and functional gastrointestinal disorders (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FGID<\/jats:styled-content>s).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Consistent evidence demonstrates that children with medical or developmental conditions are more vulnerable to experiencing pain and subjective sleep complaints than healthy peers. Objective sleep concerns are common but often under\u2010studied. Evidence of the pain\u2013sleep relationship exists, particularly in pediatric <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCD<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> IDD<\/jats:styled-content>, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JIA<\/jats:styled-content>, with a dearth of studies directly examining this relation in pediatric cancer, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JFM<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> CF<\/jats:styled-content>, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FGID<\/jats:styled-content>s. Findings suggest that assessing and treating pain and sleep disruption is important when optimizing functional outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is essential that research further examine objective sleep, elucidate the pain\u2013sleep relationship, consider physiological and psychosocial mechanisms of this relationship, and investigate nonpharmacological interventions aimed at improving pain and sleep in vulnerable pediatric populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,16]],"date-time":"2016-07-16T04:42:41Z","timestamp":1468644161000},"page":"880-893","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Sleep and Pain in Pediatric Illness: A Conceptual Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"Allen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology St. Jude Children's Research Hospital 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