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Neurodegeneration is the umbrella term for the progressive death of nerve cells and loss of brain tissue. Because of their high energy requirements, neurons are especially vulnerable to injury and death from dysfunctional mitochondria. Widespread damage to mitochondria causes cells to die because they can no longer produce enough energy. Several lines of pathological and physiological evidence reveal that impaired mitochondrial function and dynamics play crucial roles in aging and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. As mitochondria are the major intracellular organelles that regulate both cell survival and death, they are highly considered as a potential target for pharmacological\u2010based therapies. The purpose of this review was to present the current status of our knowledge and understanding of the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>), Parkinson's disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>), Huntington's disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HD<\/jats:styled-content>), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALS<\/jats:styled-content>) and the importance of mitochondrial biogenesis as a potential novel therapeutic target for their treatment. Likewise, we highlight a concise overview of the key roles of mitochondrial electron transport chain (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ETC.<\/jats:styled-content>) complexes as well as mitochondrial biogenesis regulators regarding those diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,22]],"date-time":"2016-11-22T06:01:35Z","timestamp":1479794495000},"page":"5-22","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":518,"title":["Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Biogenesis in Neurodegenerative diseases: Pathogenesis and Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7042-1201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mojtaba","family":"Golpich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre Cheras Kuala Lumpur 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