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Previous reports have shown that Olig2 regulates the remyelination processes in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNS<\/jats:styled-content>demyelination diseases models. However, the role of Olig2 in contusion spinal cord injury (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCI<\/jats:styled-content>) and the possible therapeutic effects remain obscure. This study aims to investigate the effects of overexpression Olig2 by lentivirus on adult spinal cord injury rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lenti\u2010Olig2 expression and control Lenti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eGFP<\/jats:styled-content>vectors were prepared, and virus in a total of 5\u00a0\u03bcL (10<jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TU<\/jats:styled-content>\/mL) was locally injected into the injured spinal cord 1.5\u00a0mm rostral and caudal near the epicenter. Immunostaining, Western blot, electron microscopy, and CatWalk analyzes were employed to investigate the effects of Olig2 on spinal cord tissue repair and functional recovery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Injection of Lenti\u2010Olig2 significantly increased the number of oligodendrocytes lineage cells and enhanced myelination after<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCI<\/jats:styled-content>. More importantly, the introduction of Olig2 greatly improved hindlimb locomotor performances. Other oligodendrocyte\u2010related transcription factors, which were downregulated or upregulated after injury, were reversed by Olig2 induction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings provided the evidence that overexpression Olig2 promotes myelination and locomotor recovery of contusion<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCI<\/jats:styled-content>, which gives us more understanding of Olig2 on spinal cord injury treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,28]],"date-time":"2017-04-28T00:08:16Z","timestamp":1493338096000},"page":"475-487","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Local injection of Lenti\u2010Olig2 at lesion site promotes functional recovery of spinal cord injury in 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