{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T02:34:56Z","timestamp":1791426896759,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,9]],"date-time":"2018-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015R1 A2 A1 A10052511"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015R1 A2 A1 A10052511"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CNS Neurosci Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Streptococcus\u00a0pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> infection in acute bacterial meningitis can lead to widespread brain damage and mortality. Inflammatory responses by immune cells in the brain are thought to determine the degree of brain injury. Yet, the mechanisms underlying host responses to pneumococcal meningitis are largely unknown. To explore host responses as a potential therapeutic target for preventing brain injury after pneumococcal meningitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We evaluated signaling mechanisms that minimize neuronal damage caused by pneumococcal infection; specifically, we assessed pathways related to neuronal survival after enhancing estrogen receptor\u2010\u03b2 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ER<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2) expression using a natural therapeutic substance known as ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg3 enhanced ginseng.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tissue damage caused by bacterial infection was reduced in Rb1\/Rg3\u2010treated mice as a result of microglial activation and the inhibition of apoptosis. Furthermore, Rb1 upregulated the expression of brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BDNF<\/jats:styled-content>) as well as anti\u2010apoptotic factors including Bcl\u20102 and Bcl\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">xL<\/jats:styled-content>. Using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BV<\/jats:styled-content>2 microglial cells in vitro<jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic> Rb1 treatment inhibited microglial apoptosis in a manner associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JAK<\/jats:styled-content>2\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STAT<\/jats:styled-content>5 phosphorylation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>After <jats:italic>S.\u00a0pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> infection in mice, particularly in female mice, Rb1\u2010containing ginseng increased bacterial clearance and survival. These findings inform our understanding of the host immune response to pneumococcal meningitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,10]],"date-time":"2018-03-10T04:32:39Z","timestamp":1520656359000},"page":"930-939","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Estrogen receptor\u2010\u03b2 of microglia underlies sexual differentiation of neuronal protection via ginsenosides in\u00a0mice\u00a0brain"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Seungyeop","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si\u2010On","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon 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