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However, employing appropriate type of stem cell to fulfill many therapeutic needs of cerebral ischemia is still challenging. In this regard, the current study was designed to elucidate therapeutic potential of epidermal neural crest stem cells (EPI\u2010NCSCs) compared to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM\u2010MSCs) in rat model of ischemic stroke.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ischemic stroke was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 45\u00a0minutes. Immediately after reperfusion, EPI\u2010NCSCs or BM\u2010MSCs were transplanted\n                      <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                      intra\u2010arterial or intravenous route. A test for neurological function was performed before ischemia and 1, 3, and 7\u00a0days after MCAO. Also, infarct volume ratio and relative expression of 15 selected target genes were evaluated 7\u00a0days after transplantation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      EPI\u2010NCSCs transplantation (both intra\u2010arterial and intravenous) and BM\u2010MSCs transplantation (only intra\u2010arterial) tended to result in a better functional outcome, compared to the MCAO group; however, this difference was not statistically significant. The infarct volume ratio significantly decreased in NCSC\u2010intra\u2010arterial, NCSC\u2010intravenous and MSC\u2010intra\u2010arterial groups compared to the control. EPI\u2010NCSCs interventions led to higher expression levels of\n                      <jats:italic>Bdnf<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>nestin<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Sox10<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>doublecortin<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2\u2010III tubulin<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Gfap,<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>interleukin\u20106<\/jats:italic>\n                      , whereas\n                      <jats:italic>neurotrophin\u20103<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>interleukin\u201010<\/jats:italic>\n                      were decreased. On the other hand, BM\u2010MSCs therapy resulted in upregulation of\n                      <jats:italic>Gdnf<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2\u2010III tubulin,<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Gfap<\/jats:italic>\n                      and down\u2010regulation of\n                      <jats:italic>neurotrophin\u20103<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>interleukin\u20101,<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>interleukin\u201010<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings highlight the therapeutic effects of EPI\u2010NCSCs transplantation, probably through simultaneous induction of neuronal and glial formation, as well as\n                      <jats:italic>Bdnf<\/jats:italic>\n                      over\u2010expression in a rat model of ischemic stroke.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]],"date-time":"2020-04-13T01:46:23Z","timestamp":1586742383000},"page":"670-681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Epidermal neural crest stem cell transplantation as a promising therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Saied","family":"Salehi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sareh","family":"Pandamooz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research 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